| Shandong Province is located in Bohai Bay,one of the main apple producing areas in China,and is known as "the hometown of apples".According to statistics from Shandong Provincial Department of Agriculture,as of 2019,the apple planting area in Shandong Province is about 300,000 hectares,and the yield is about 980 tons,making it the largest fruit industry in Shandong Province.As a kind of high-value agricultural products,apple is the key power point to promote the reform of the supply side of agricultural products and the revitalization of rural industry in Shandong Province,and it is also an important economic pillar of the agricultural industry in Shandong Province.However,with the transformation and upgrading of the apple industry in the Loess Plateau region,Shaanxi Province has gradually replaced Shandong Province to become the largest apple production province in China.At present,the apple production competition is becoming increasingly fierce.On the other hand,in recent years,the production cost of apple industry in Shandong Province continues to increase,but the economic income of fruit farmers did not increase accordingly,and the expected earnings of fruit farmers decreased,seriously affecting the enthusiasm of fruit farmers in production.Therefore,how to improve the competitiveness of apples in Shandong Province,to ensure the economic benefits of fruit farmers has become an urgent problem for scholars to explore.Academia generally believes that production efficiency is an important basis for judging whether the adjustment of industrial structure is reasonable and whether to play a comparative advantage.Therefore,this article is guided by microeconomic theory,based on field survey data,and uses the DEA model to calculate the apple production efficiency(comprehensive efficiency,pure technical efficiency,scale efficiency)of Shandong agricultural enterprises,professional cooperatives,family farms and ordinary fruit farmers.Empirical comparative analysis of the reasons for the differences,hoping to provide theoretical guidance and basis for improving the apple production efficiency of different agricultural business entities in Shandong Province.Research shows that ordinary farmers are still the main force of apple production in Shandong Province at this stage.Based on this,this article uses the Brack database,uses directional distance functions and undesired output models to further analyze the total factor productivity of ordinary farmers in Shandong Province.At the same time,we measured the total factor productivity of the eight major apple producing provinces in my country with and without environmental constraints,and clarified the current ranking of the green total factor productivity of the apple industry in Shandong Province.This article evaluates and studies the apple production efficiency of different agricultural business entities in Shandong Province from three aspects: comprehensive efficiency,pure technical efficiency,and scale efficiency.The research results show that among the four types of business entities that produce apples,the overall efficiency of ordinary fruit growers and professional cooperatives is relatively high,at 0.9191 and 0.9142,respectively,while the overall efficiency of agricultural enterprises and family farms is relatively low,at 0.8766 and0.8739,respectively;From the comparison of pure technical efficiency indicators,the pure technical efficiency of professional cooperatives and agricultural enterprises is relatively high,0.9841 and 0.9631 respectively,while the pure technical efficiency of family farms and ordinary fruit growers is relatively low,0.9572 and 0.9537 respectively;from the comparison of scale efficiency indicators It can be seen that the scale efficiency of ordinary fruit farmers and professional cooperatives is relatively high,0.9535 and 0.9328,respectively,while the scale efficiency of family farms and agricultural enterprises is relatively low,0.9285 and0.9255,respectively.On the whole,the production efficiency of apples of ordinary fruit farmers is higher than that of new agricultural business entities,while the production efficiency of professional cooperatives in new agricultural business entities is better.Based on the directional distance function and the undesired output model,the results of the study on the green total factor productivity of ordinary fruit growers in Shandong Province show that,without considering the undesired output,the total factor productivity of Shandong fruit growers' apples is in the eight major apple producing provinces.The median is ranked 4th,at 1.0008;taking into account the undesired output,Shandong fruit growers apple green total factor productivity ranked 5th,at 0.9885.Whether it is the traditional method of measuring total factor productivity or the measurement method of green total factor productivity based on the GML index,the overall average production efficiency of the eight major apple producing provinces is less than 1.The traditional calculation result without undesired output is an average decrease of 0.02%,and the green total factor productivity measurement result including undesired output is an average decrease of 1.08%,which shows the efficiency measurement of total factor productivity without considering undesired output.Will overestimate the efficiency of apple production.Finally,based on the analysis of the problems and causes,this article puts forward countermeasures and suggestions to improve the production efficiency of different agricultural business entities in Shandong Province: First,respect the status of small farmers as the main production body,and improve pure technical efficiency;second,improve the land transfer system,Improve scale efficiency;third,promote mechanized production and reduce labor production costs;fourth,improve the capital investment growth mechanism to support new agricultural business entities;fifth,establish a joint mechanism for different agricultural business entities to achieve common development. |
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