| The report of the 19 th CPC National Congress proposed to continue to deepen the structural reform of the agricultural supply side,take the road of quality development,and take the prosperity of the industry as general requirements for implementing the “rejuvenation strategy for rural areas”.Local governments should give full play to the advantages of resource endowments in light of local conditions and develop and expand the pillar industries in the region.Weibei Plateau and the hill and ravine region of the Loess Plateau in the south of Northern-Shaanxi are the superiority areas for apple production in China.Since 2010,with the adjustment of the regional agricultural industrial structure and the acceleration of agricultural land circulation,the scale of apple cultivation has been expanded,and the scale and concentration of the region have increased.The trend of professional production of apple specialized households is obvious.It has made important contributions to the promotion of rural economic development and the affluence of farmers.However,due to the influence of planting habits and inherent thinking patterns,apple specialized households in the actual production process are extensively managed,the apple yield per unit area is low,and the yield gap between the main apple production regions such as Shandong,Henan,and Shanxi is obvious.And apple specialized households have no significant advantages in production efficiency.Therefore,how to promote the apple industry organization innovation and apple’s production technology,improve the level of apple yield and production efficiency,and become a major issue facing the development of the apple industry in Shaanxi and even other advantageous producing areas and specialty producing areas in China.And it has also become a major concern in the decision-making departments,apple industry,agricultural economics.It can be seen that it is of great significance to carry out related research with the theme of improving the production efficiency of apple households in Shaanxi.Taking the shaanxi apple specialized households as an example,guided by microeconomic theory,gathered the apple production efficiency,based on relevant researches at home and abroad,this paper adopts the non-parametric DEA method and field survey data to statically analyze the apple specialized households’ comprehensive technical efficiency,the apple specialized households’ pure technical efficiency,and scale efficiency of the apple specialized households;using the Malmquist Total Factor Productivity Method to dynamically analyze the changes in total factor productivity,technological progress,and comprehensive technical efficiency of apple specialized households from the perspective of spatial distribution and time series variation,and then evaluate the production efficiency,and the overall trend of change and the law of the county production efficiency difference.On this basis,the main factors that influence the productivity of apple specialized households are studied by using Tobit model,and suggestions for optimizing the structure and resource allocation are proposed.According to the logical relationship,the contents of the paper are included six chapters:The first part is the introduction,including the first chapter.On the basis of the research background,the paper puts forward the purpose and significance of the research on the technical and economic problems existing in the development of apple’s industrial economy.On the basis of literature review and evaluation,especially drawing on existing research results,and combining the ideas of the normative analysis and empirical analysis,this paper designs the technical route,the main research methods,data collection,and research programs.The second part is theoretical analysis,namely the second chapter.Based on the definition of apple specialized households and efficiency,combining the theoretical basis of efficiency and measurement methods,this paper constructs a theoretical framework for the analysis of apple specialized households’ efficiency,and follow the "static analysis of the efficiency of apple specialized households-dynamic analysis of the efficiency of apple specialized households-analysis of factors influencing the efficiency of apple specialized households " logical thinking.The third part is the empirical analysis part of apple specialized households,namely the third chapter,the fourth chapter and the fifth chapter.Among them: Chapter 3 deals with the principles and related models of data envelopment analysis(DEA)method.Combining the actual research data,the VRS-DEA model is applied to statically analyze the comprehensive technical efficiency,pure technical efficiency,and scale efficiency of the apple specialized households.In Chapter 4,using the Malmquist Total Factor Productivity Method for Spatial Distribution and Temporal Dimensional Dimensions of Total Factor Productivity,technical progress,comprehensive technical efficiency,pure technical efficiency,and scale efficiency for apple specialized households in 2012-2014 period the trend of changes is analyzed dynamically;In Chapter 5,based on the results of production efficiency measurement,the Tobit model is used to conduct a comparatively empirical analysis of various factors that affect the production efficiency of apple specialized households.The fourth part is conclusion and suggestion,namely the sixth chapter.According to the research conclusions of this paper,around the effective improvement of the production efficiency of apple specialized households,five suggestions are proposed.The main conclusions of this paper are:(1)The production efficiency of apple specialized households in Shaanxi Province is generally low,and there are significant differences among the counties.By comparing the apple specialized households’ comprehensive technical efficiency,the apple specialized households’ pure technical efficiency and apple specialized households’ scale efficiency in all counties,we can find that the main reason leading to the low efficiency of comprehensive technology is the combined action of pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency.(2)In terms of spatial distribution,the main reason for the inter-annual fluctuation of the total factor productivity index of the total factor productivity of the apple specialized households in shaanxi is that the comprehensive technical efficiency fluctuates greatly.(3)The productivity of apple in Shaanxi Province is influenced by many factors at the same time.By analyzing the results of Tobit regression model,among the main factors that affect the differences in apple production efficiency,we find that the previous price,high-density vigorous stock cultivation pattern and natural disasters have a negative impact on the production efficiency,while the frequency of participating in technical training has a positive effect.The characteristics of owner and family,the area of apple orchard and the average age of the fruit trees have a significant difference in interpretation of production efficiency among different counties.From the perspective of the government support and the relationship between apple specialized households,this paper proposes measures to improve production efficiency: First,the government should develop diversified models based on regional resource endowments and local conditions;Second,enhance awareness to increase the ability to resist natural disasters;Third,optimize the apple varieties and cultivation structure to play a new orchard economic benefits;Fourth,apple specialized households should actively participate in training and learn modern management technology;Fifth,change the traditional idea,enhance the market management consciousness. |
