Study On Apple Production And Total Factor Productivity In Hebei Province

Fruit has become one of the six leading industries in Hebei Province in 2019,and apple has been developed as a key variety.The government proposes to adhere to the principle of quality first and efficiency first,and take supply-side structural reform as the main line to promote the reform of apple's development quality and efficiency and improve apple's total factor productivity.In the past two years,both the area and the output of apples in the province showed a downward trend,and the production of apples was still relatively volatile.Reducing production cost and improving production efficiency were still the most concerned problems for fruit farmers.Therefore,in view of the important position of apple production in the agricultural development of Hebei Province and the important task of ensuring fruit farmers' income increase and getting rid of poverty,this paper studies the total factor productivity of Apples in Hebei Province,explores its changing rules and causes,and explores the advantages and disadvantages of apple development in Hebei Province.Total factor productivity is an important index for efficiency evaluation.Based on this,this paper first combed relevant domestic and foreign literature,obtained theoretical basis,and determined research ideas and methods.Secondly,analysis the current situation of apple production in hebei,understand the development level of apple production scale and production layout in Hebei Province.After that,the composition of total cost and the proportion of each cost were determined through the cost-benefit analysis of Apples in Hebei Province.Then,representative indicators of DEA were selected.The Dea-malmquist index method was used to analyze the timing analysis and spatial analysis of apple total factor productivity in Hebei Province from 2008 to 2018,and the impact of environmental pollution was evaluated with SBM method.These reflects the factors which affecting the decline of apple total factor productivity in Hebei province and provides reference for adjustment factors in actual production.The results show that the per unit area yield of apples in Hebei province is on the rise,land utilization and mechanization degree are increasing,but the scale of apple production is low,the variety of apples is single and the price of apples is unstable.The cost of labor is obviously high,followed by the cost of land and fertilizer and pesticide.The overall profit margin of cost is declining,indicating that the cost control of apple production is not reasonable and there are hidden dangers such as environmental pollution and vicious cycle in the production process.And then based on the combination of DEA model with SBM method from two angles of expected output and unexpected output of apple total factor productivity calculation and analysis on hebei provinces.From the Angle of the expected output,the decrease of scale efficiency offset the increase of technical efficiency,resulting the decrease of TFP,it is necessary to increase technology input and reduce the scale investment.The total factor productivity of Apple in Hebei province has surpassed the whole country,and the input-output structure has been continuously optimized,but it is 1.7%lower than that of Shaanxi Province.Therefore,the production experience of superior provinces should be used for reference.From the perspective of undesired output,it is further found that environmental pollution has different degrees of negative impact on apple's total factor productivity and technological progress,so environmental awareness should be strengthened.After the progressive analysis of apple total factor productivity in Hebei province,the paper put forward the proposal from the aspects of scale operation,technological progress and innovation drive,human capital utilization efficiency,environmental protection consciousness to promote the quality and efficiency of Apple production in Hebei Province.Under the background that the country strongly advocates environmental protection,this paper conducts an in-depth study on apple TFP in Hebei Province from the perspectives of expected output and unexpected output,so as to evaluate the dynamic difference of Apple TFP in time and space,it is more comprehensively and stereoscopic,and realize the organic combination of apple production and ecological protection.