| In the new situation of the national economy,the tourism industry in China continues to develop rapidly.The two major markets of domestic tourism and inbound tourism have developed strong momentum,providing a good market environment and opportunities for the travel agency.At the same time,as the core industry of travel industry,the business performance of travel agencies has an important impact on the improvement of the whole tourism industry and the development of industry.Facing the fierce competition in the tourism market both at home and abroad,the need for the transformation and upgrading of the travel service industry in China is more urgent.We should jump out of the previous simple pursuit of the total scale and coordinate the relationship between the input and output of the travel agency industry with a new perspective.Performance evaluation is an important means and tool to improve the production efficiency and management level of the travel agency.From the perspective of performance,the analysis of the characteristics of the temporal and spatial evolution of the performance of the travel service industry in China can effectively examine the road of the development of the Chinese travel service industry and promote the regional travel agency industry to turn from the prime driven,the investment driven to the innovation drive.It is driven by science and technology.From the perspective of performance evaluation,this study explores the business management problem of China's travel service industry.Using the panel data of 2005-2015 years,the author uses the DEA method,Malmquist index method and the Tobit regression model to investigate the performance of the travel service industry by using the "index construction-performance measurement-time and space contrast-Countermeasures proposal" as the main line of study.Interannual variation and regional difference and key influencing factors.The research results can provide quantitative data reference for regional travel agency industry to judge the input redundancy or insufficient output of various resources,and reveal the reasons for the differences in the inter provincial performance level,which will help the regions to identify the best ways to improve the efficiency of the travel agency,and to guide the investment scale and industrial layout of the travel agency production factors.The basis for the scientific nature of industrial structure is to avoid blindness and ineffectiveness in the development of travel agencies.Through the analysis,the following conclusions are drawn.(1)The performance of travel agencies fluctuates in time series.The overall efficiency,pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of the travel agency industry in China are constantly changing during the 2005-2015 years,and the stages are not obvious.The volatility development is the basic time series characteristic of the overall efficiency change of the travel agency industry in China.With the rapid development of China's tourism industry,the expansion of the travel agency industry is only caused by a large increase in the number of travel agencies,fixed assets,and the number of employees.It is not because of the improvement of the market development,the adjustment of the structure of resource allocation,the promotion of the efficiency of the organization and coordination,and the factors of production.And technical means do not give full play to their utility.In the past 2005-2015 years,the average value of the overall efficiency of the travel agency industry in China is 0.749,the pure technical efficiency is 0.800,the scale efficiency is 0.938,the scale efficiency of the travel agency industry is higher than the comprehensive efficiency and the pure technical efficiency.It shows that the return on the scale agglomeration has been higher than the return of the technological innovation.It also shows that the travel of our country has been traveling at the present stage.The development of social industry is still mainly driven by scale expansion.(2)The three development types of "two high and one low" basically formed.From the comprehensive efficiency,the pure technical efficiency to the scale efficiency,the inter provincial difference is universal.In the provinces of Beijing,Shanghai,Guangdong,Hainan and other eastern developed regions,because of relatively perfect infrastructure construction,capital investment is mainly used for tourism product development,and with more high-quality employees,the travel agency has entered the stage of "high investment and high production" as a whole and become the best student.In the western provinces of Guizhou,Tibet,Ningxia and other western provinces,although the scale of the travel agency industry is not large,on the one hand,the enrichment of tourism resources,the tourism industry and the development of travel agencies are relatively mature,on the other hand,the implementation of the western development strategy of the western part of the country is on its policy.The upward tilt and support create a good environment for investment and construction,so it is easy to achieve high efficiency in output,and form the "low investment and high yield" of production factors.In Gansu,Qinghai,Xinjiang and other provinces,the travel agency industry is a whole of "low investment and low output",which shows the low utilization efficiency of resources.At the same time,there is a big gap with the developed areas.Therefore,three typical development types of "two high and one low" have been formed in various provinces of China.(3)The spatial agglomeration of travel agency industry is not strong.From the spatial pattern evolution,the scale efficiency is relatively stable,but the efficiency of the scale agglomeration of the travel agencies in China is not high;the spatial pattern of the pure technical efficiency is changeable,the interannual change is remarkable,and the advantage of the technology utilization in the eastern region is remarkable,which is higher than the pure technology efficiency in the West.The pure technical efficiency has a little influence on the comprehensive efficiency,and the pure technical efficiency is lower than the scale efficiency value in most provinces.Therefore,it is very important to improve the utilization ratio of the resource factors and guide the industrial structure to improve the operation efficiency of the travel agencies in various provinces.Under the common influence of pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency,the interannual change of comprehensive efficiency is more obvious,the spatial agglomeration is not strong,and there is no mutual influence and mutual restriction on the value of the comprehensive efficiency in the neighboring provinces.(4)Suggestions on the management of the travel agency industry.In view of the above research results,this paper puts forward the countermeasures from the two angles of optimizing the internal management and external development environment of the travel agency industry,and providing a reasonable suggestion for the promotion of the performance of the travel service industry in China.We should strengthen the management of travel agencies through expanding the scale of the economy,strengthening the development of resources and attaching importance to information construction.The external market is mainly to adapt to market economy and improve investment environment. |
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