| In January 7,2016,the State Council issued the opinions of the State Council on some policies and measures to support the development and opening of key areas along the border.Guo Fa [2015]72 document clearly pointed out: "we should enhance the level of tourism opening and promote the prosperity and development of border tourism".Yunnan province is located in the southwest and North Xinjiang area of China,which is the window and portal for South and Southeast Asia.The border areas of Yunnan province including Baoshan,Dehong,Lincang,Xishuangbanna,Pu'er,Nu River,Honghe and Wenshan 8 border city,bordering on Vietnam,Laos and other countries such as Burma,the geographical position is superior,It is an important transportation node Belt and Road Initiative "land and sea line.In border areas of Yunnan province is rich in tourism resources,the main products include border trade exhibition,tourism and leisure,border border expedition,cross-border ethnic customs,expeditionary force war culture,southern culture and historical and cultural border border.The policy bonus at the national level,the unique location advantage in the border area and the rich tourism resources endowments lay a solid foundation for Yunnan to carry out cross-border cross-border tourism.In order to improve the overall competitiveness of tourism in Yunnan border area,we should narrow the gap of tourism development between the border states,and promote the development of tourism quality and efficiency in Yunnan border area and the optimization and upgrading of tourism spatial structure.As one of the research achievements of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,the paper studies the spatial pattern,mechanism and mode of cross-border tourism development in the southwest border area(41671147).First,based on the research background,research review,research significance and research ideas of border tourism development,the concept of tourism economy,tourism intensity,tourism efficiency,border area,border tourism and Spatiotemporal evolution is defined.Secondly,the basic meaning and connotation of the core periphery theory,the life cycle theory of tourismdestination,the growth pole theory and the geo economic theory and its application in the research of border areas in Yunnan province are tentatively analyzed.Again,in the analysis of Yunnan border tourism development foundation and the basis of the status quo,mainly using the single index method,using the standard deviation(SD)changes reflect the absolute difference in 2000~2015 in Yunnan city border states port of entry day foreign exchange income,domestic tourism income,tourism foreign exchange income and total tourism income,and also using variation coefficient(CV)to reflect the evolution characteristics of relative differences.We use Gini coefficient(GN),geographic concentration coefficient(G)and primacy degree(S)to reflect the evolution of tourism economic scale equilibrium.With the combination of the principal component and the spatial autocorrelation method,the temporal and spatial evolution of the tourism intensity in the border areas of Yunnan province is discussed,and also using the combination of DEA efficiency model,variance analysis method and spatial autocorrelation method,we focus on the temporal and spatial evolution of tourism efficiency in Yunnan's border areas.Finally,a systematic study of the driving mechanism of tourism development and evolution is carried out by the combination of the correlation and multiple regression analysis in SPSS software.The main conclusions of the study are as follows:First,the present situation of tourism development in the border area of Yunnan province is as follows:(1)In 2000~2015,the domestic tourism income in Yunnan border area,domestic tourism,tourism foreign exchange income,inbound tourism,port entry,one day trip,foreign exchange income and the number of people entering the day travel showed an overall upward trend.(2)Differences in the scale of tourism in the border regions of Yunnan Province: In 2000~2015 Xishuangbanna,Dehong and Honghe 3 city tourism revenue is basically in the top three positions,after 2000,the total number of red tourism basically has been in the first place,while the total number of Nujiang tourism reception is always in the end.(3)In the position of tourism industry:In 2000~2015,the status of tourism industry in Yunnan border area basically showed a continuous upward trend.The status of tourism industry in the 8border cities basically maintained a continuous upward trend,especially in two cities in Xishuangbanna and Dehong.Secondly,the characteristics of the time evolution of tourism economy in the border area of Yunnan Province in 2000~2015 are as follows:The absolute disparity of tourism economy scale expands,the scale of tourism economy scales differently,the scale structure of tourism economy tends to be reasonable,and the evolution trend of tourism economy scale difference is better.Third,The temporal and spatial evolution of tourism intensity in the border area of Yunnan Province:(1)The comprehensive development level of the tourism industry in the border area is weaker in the later stage.The difference of the tourism intensity index between different border cities and regions has gone through the trend of "decreasing first and then expanding".(2)The results of global autocorrelation and analysis show that: The global Moran'sI index correlation degree attribute of tourism intensity in Yunnan border area is negative in 2000~2015.The spatial concentration of tourism intensity index has not yet formed geographical spatial adjacency.(3)The evolution of the spatial structure of tourism intensity in Yunnan border area is divided into two stages: In the first stage(2000~2007),the low intensity homogenization stage and the second stage(2008~2015)are the growth stages of the multi core edge spatial pattern.(4)Local autocorrelation results and analysis of tourism intensity shows that:with the evolution of the time,the number of low level and type of spatial association type border state in the city gradually increased,the number of high and low high spatial associationtype border city in Yunnan province tourism strength gradually reduced,the border area overall spatial heterogeneity has reduced trend.Fourth,the temporal and spatial evolution of tourism efficiency in the border area of Yunnan Province:(1)The border area of Yunnan province city tourism comprehensive efficiency of spatial variations of 2000~2015 characterized by relative stability,high concentrated in the District of Yunnan border city of Yunnan border segment,segment the comprehensive efficiency of Southeast Yunnan border section is the worst.(2)The global autocorrelation results and analysis show that: the spatial integration of tourism comprehensive efficiency in Yunnan border area has not yet formed geo spatial adjacency in 2000 and 2007.By 2015,the comprehensive efficiency of tourism in Yunnan border area has a positive spatial correlation.(3)The evolution of the spatial structure of tourism comprehensive efficiency is divided intotwo stages:In the first stage(2000~2007),the level of tourism comprehensive efficiency develops towards equilibrium.In the second stage(2008~2015),the spatial structure of tourism comprehensive efficiency in the border area starts to form the embryonic form of two yuan structure form.(4)Local autocorrelation results and analysis show that:The spatial heterogeneity of tourism comprehensive efficiency in the border areas of Yunnan province is mainly characterized by L-L,H-L and L-H.Fifth,on the driving mechanism of tourism development in the border area of Yunnan Province:(1)The analysis of the driving factor of tourism gross income shows that: The contribution rate of science and technology intelligence support factors an public infrastructure services factors to total tourism revenue is increasing.The contribution rate of resource endowments and economic support factors to total tourism income is relatively weakened.(2)The analysis of the driving factor of tourism intensity shows that: The contribution of economic factors on tourism supporting strength gradually increased,the contribution of public service infrastructure factor on the intensity of tourism has gradually weakened and disappeared by 2015,opening degree of tourism impact factor intensity,resource endowment and city level due to the impact of factors on the tourism strength index began to appear.(3)The results of the driving factor analysis of tourism comprehensive efficiency show that:In 2000,science and technology support factors,economic support factors and population density factors all showed strong correlation with tourism comprehensive efficiency,and population density factor had a negative correlation with tourism comprehensive efficiency.In 2015,resource factor,transportation advantage degree factor,technology support factor and economic support factors are the comprehensive efficiency of tourism has shown a strong correlation between transportation superiority factor and tourism comprehensive efficiency is negatively related,promote tourism demand factors on the comprehensive efficiency of tourism is not significant.Sixth,In view of the driving mechanism of the development of existing problems and regional tourism development in the border areas of Yunnan Province,the deployment,transnational cooperation and exchanges,vigorously develop local economy from strategic space development in the border areas of Yunnan provincetourism,the tourism development quality and efficiency of Yunnan border tourism development strategy to consolidate the foundation,tourism products,tourism marketing and tourism integration development operation of safeguard measures. |
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