| Farmland is an important material basis for the survival and development of peasants.The problem of farmland has always been an overall,strategic,and fundamental issue in the process of agricultural modernization.The objectives and tasks of rural land consolidation during the 12 th Five-Year Plan period have been fully completed.While protecting and intensively using land,it has played an important role in the overall development of urban-rural integration and the promotion of ecological civilization.However,there are still some problems in the real life,due to the project design does not meet the needs of farmers,resulting in low implementation efficiency of the project;farmers lack decision-making power and ways,frequently occur conflicts in the process of implementation of agricultural land remediation.At the same time,there are still prominent contradictions in the adjustment of ownership,low capital management efficiency,and attention to the amount of cultivated land but neglect the quality of the ecological environment.In order to effectively solve the above-mentioned problems,the “National Land Consolidation Planning(2011-2015)”,“National Land Consolidation Planning(2016-2020)” and “Central No.1 Document(2017)” clearly stated that the farmers' status must be upheld and safeguarded.How to sum up experience in the process of rural land consolidation and promote farmers' effective participation is one of the problems that need to be solved urgently in the current stage of rural land consolidation.Therefore,this paper uses sustainable livelihood framework theory to explore the mechanism of livelihood capital endowment on the farmers' effective participation in rural land consolidation projects.It is supplemented by field survey data for empirical analysis,in order to providing reference for the government to promote farmers' effective participation in rural land consolidation projects.This paper selects the hilly engineering model area and plain engineering model area in the rural land consolidation project area of Hubei Province,takes 703 farmers in 9 counties(cities,districts)as research samples,introduces the index system of farmers' effective participation,constructs an index system of livelihood capital endowment in the same time.From the perspective of different project models and different types of farmer,make an empirical analysis of the mechanism of livelihood capital endowments affecting farmers' effective participation in rural land consolidation projects.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)Livelihood capital endowments have significant correlations with farmers' effective participation of rural land consolidation projects can be divided into three categories: strong correlation,less strong correlation,and moderate correlation.There is a strong correlation between the channels for obtaining funds in financial capital and the farmers' effective participation of overall sample,the plain engineering model area farmers and highly-concurrent farmers,there is also a strong correlation between the quality of cultivated land in natural capital and the farmers' effective participation of highly-concurrent farmers.In addition,there is generally a less strong or moderate correlation between the indicators of livelihood capital and the farmers' effective participation of overall sample,farmers in different engineering mode and farmers in different types.(2)Livelihood capital endowments have a significant impact on the farmers' effective participation in the overall sample of rural land consolidation projects.Judging from the overall sample,indicators that significantly influence their effective participation are the area of contracted arable land in natural capital,the proportion of agricultural labor in human capital,the per capita housing area of physical capital,the degree of social capital interaction with the township(town)government or national land department,the degree of friendship with the village peasant households,participation in the village organization and various activities,etc.Household per capita income indicators in financial capital show significant negative effects(3)There are obvious differences in the effect of livelihood capital endowment on the farmers' effective participation of rural land consolidation project in different engineering modes.For the farmers in the plain engineering mode,the indicator that significantly affects their effective participation is the area of contracted arable land in natural capital,the number of household agricultural machinery in the material capital,and the channel for obtaining funds in financial capital,the education population index of high school and above in human capital has a significant negative effect on its effective participation.For the farmers in the hilly engineering mode,the indicator that significantly influences their effective participation is the proportion of the agricultural labor force in the human capital and the number of occupations of the family members in the social capital,the indicator of cultivated land quality in natural capital has a significant negative effect on its effective participation.At the same time,the index of household per capita income in financial capital has a significant negative effect on the farmers' effective participation in the two project modes,the degree of interaction with the township(town)government or the land department,the degree of friendship with the village households,and the participation in the village organization and various activities in social capital have a significant positive impact on the effective participation of farmers in the two project modes.(4)Among different types of farmers,the influence of livelihood capital endowments on the farmers' effective participation in rural land consolidation projects also has obvious differences.For agricultural farmers,indicators that significantly influence their effective participation are the area of contracted arable land in natural capital,the channels for obtaining funds in financial capital,and the conditions for participation in village organizations and various activities in social capital,the education population index of high school and above in the human capital has a negative impact on its effective participation.For lowly-concurrent farmers,indicators that significantly positively affect their effective participation are the skills training in human capital,the degree of interaction with the township(town)government or the national land department,the degree of friendship with the village peasant households,and participation in the village organization and various activities in social capital,the quality of cultivated land in natural capital and household per capita income in financial capital have significant negative effects on their effective participation.For highly-concurrent farmers,indicators that significantly influence their effective participation are the number of plots in natural capital,the channels for obtaining funds in financial capital,and the degree of friendship among farmers in the village in social capital,the index of household agricultural machinery in physical capital has a negative effect on its effective participation.For non-agricultural farmers,indicators that significantly influence their effective participation are the area of contracted arable land in natural capital,the per capita area of housing in physical capital,the degree of friendship with the farmers in the village and the participation in the village organization and various activities in social capital,indicators that significantly negatively affect their effective participation are the high school and above education population and the proportion of agricultural labor.Therefore,based on the above findings,in order to increase the effective participation of rural households in rural land consolidation,the following suggestions are proposed:(1)Attaching great importance to the impact of livelihood capital endowments on the farmers' effective participation in rural land consolidation projects,and formulate related incentives in different project models according to local conditions.and propose specific measures to improve the farmers' livelihood capital endowment level in different project models combining the government,villages,and peasant households in three levels.(2)Integrate the types of farmers closely to more reasonable incentive measures.The government should pay attention to the impact of various types of livelihood capital on the effective participation of different types of farmers,and adopt various measures to actively cultivate the ability of farmers to create livelihood capital,in order to give full play to the subjective initiative of different types of farmers in rural land consolidation.(3)Improve the protection mechanism to avoid the potential risks of participation.Establishing reasonable measures to ensuring the safety of livelihood capital of the farmers,and then the effective participation of farmers in the rural land consolidation project can be enhanced. |
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