A Study On The Impact Mechanism Of Livelihood Capital On The Sustainable Livelihood Ability Of Rural Households In Yunnan

The report of the 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly pointed out that safeguarding and improving people's livelihood in development is an important part of the guiding ideology of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.We should resolutely win the battle against poverty and promote the common prosperity and all-round development of all the people.At the end of 2020,China has achieved a comprehensive victory in the fight against poverty.All poor counties have taken off their hats,all poor people have been lifted out of poverty,regional poverty has been solved in general,and the arduous task of eliminating absolute poverty has been completed.With the overall victory in the fight against poverty,the focus of “agriculture,rural areas,and farmers” is fully advancing towards the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy.In the stage of rural revitalization,we should not only consolidate and expand the key achievements of poverty alleviation through a variety of measures to prevent farmers from returning to poverty again,but also continuously promote farmers' income and wealth,and solve the problem of relative poverty of farmers.Yunnan Province is located in Southwest China.It used to be a combination of frontier,mountain,ethnic and poverty.It has a wide range of poverty,a deep degree of poverty and a large number of poor people.Although all poverty-stricken counties in Yunnan Province have taken off their hats and all poverty-stricken households have been lifted out of poverty,through the survey,it is found that some farmers out of poverty in Yunnan Province are still facing problems such as unsustainable livelihoods,unoptimistic employment,and serious lack of self-development capabilities.If the sustainable livelihood problems of these farmers are still not well resolved,they may face the risk of returning to poverty again at any time.Therefore,academia needs to deeply study the main influencing factors of farmers' sustainable livelihood ability and explore the sustainable development path of farmers with different livelihood strategies,so as to find the focus of scientific decision-making for promoting rural sustainable development,accelerating the implementation of rural revitalization strategy and realizing the common prosperity of farmers.Based on the above background,this paper aims to explore the influencing factors of farmers' sustainable livelihood ability and the improvement path of farmers' livelihood ability from the dimensions of livelihood capital and livelihood risk.This paper focuses on the following issues:(1)Build a sustainable livelihood index system for farmers.(2)For farmers with different types of livelihood strategies,this paper discusses their livelihood capital,livelihood risk and sustainable livelihood ability,and compares and analyzes the reasons for the differences.(3)Verify the impact of livelihood capital on farmers' sustainable livelihood ability.(4)Verify whether livelihood risk mediates the relationship between livelihood capital and sustainable livelihood capacity.(5)Analyze the influencing factors of farmers' sustainable livelihood ability of different livelihood strategy types.(6)Establish livelihood capital cultivation models for farmers of different livelihood types.On the basis of previous relevant literature and interview research results,this paper designs a questionnaire on the sustainable livelihood of poverty-stricken farmers in Yunnan to obtain the research data.Through pre-investigation and continuous testing and modification of the questionnaire,a formal questionnaire is finally formed,mainly for the following data analysis: Firstly,based on the survey data of farmers,this paper uses the comprehensive index method and entropy method to quantitatively calculate and evaluate the livelihood capital,livelihood risk and sustainable livelihood ability of farmers with different types of livelihood strategies.Secondly,based on survey data,using structural equation model to empirically analyze the impact mechanism of livelihood capital on the sustainable livelihood ability of farmers and verify the intermediary effect of livelihood risk.Thirdly,based on the previous research,using multiple linear regression model,this paper empirically analyzes the influencing factors of farmers' sustainable livelihood ability of different types of livelihood strategies(farming,working,business and diversification),and further discusses the path to improve farmers' sustainable livelihood ability based on livelihood risk management.The results show that:(1)The livelihood development methods of farmers show a diversified trend,but they mainly focus on farming and working.There are some differences in the level of livelihood capital,livelihood risk and sustainable livelihood ability of farmers with different livelihood types.The overall level of livelihood capital from large to small is business,diversified,working,and farming type.The overall index value of livelihood risk from large to small is farming,working,diversified,and business type.The overall level of sustainable livelihood capacity from large to small is diversified,business,farming,and working type.(2)Through empirical analysis of the impact mechanism of livelihood capital on farmers' sustainable livelihood ability,the results show that:(1)Livelihood capital as a whole has a significant positive impact on farmers' sustainable livelihood ability.From the perspective of all dimensions of livelihood capital,natural capital,physical capital,human capital,social capital,financial capital,and environmental capital all have a significant positive impact on sustainable livelihood capacity.Human capital has a greater positive impact on farmers' sustainable livelihood ability,and social capital has a smaller impact on farmers' sustainable livelihood ability.However,the impact of psychological capital on sustainable livelihood capacity is not supported.(2)Livelihood capital as a whole has a significant negative impact on livelihood risk.From the perspective of all dimensions of livelihood capital,natural capital,physical capital,human capital,social capital,financial capital,and environmental capital all have a significant negative impact on livelihood risk.Natural capital has a greater negative impact on farmers' livelihood risk,and social capital has a smaller impact on farmers' livelihood risk.However,psychological capital does not pass the significance test.(3)Livelihood risk as a whole has a significant negative impact on farmers' sustainable livelihood ability.From the perspective of all dimensions of livelihood risk,health risk,natural risk,education risk,and employment risk all have a significant negative impact on sustainable livelihood capacity.(4)Livelihood capital has a significant positive impact on sustainable livelihood ability through the intermediary variable livelihood risk as a whole and all dimensions of health risk,natural risk,education risk and employment risk.In other words,the impact of the livelihood capital owned by farmers on the sustainable livelihood ability not only has a direct impact on their sustainable livelihood ability,but also is affected by the individual livelihood risk level,which has an indirect impact on the sustainable livelihood ability.(3)By analyzing the influencing factors of sustainable livelihood ability of farmers with different livelihood strategies,it is concluded that the key influencing factors of sustainable livelihood ability of agricultural farmers are natural capital,human capital and social capital;The key factors affecting the sustainable livelihood ability of migrant farmers are human capital,social capital and environmental capital;The key factors affecting the sustainable livelihood ability of business farmers are physical capital,human capital and financial capital;The key factors affecting the sustainable livelihood ability of diversified farmers are human capital and social capital.On this basis,this paper puts forward the ways to improve the sustainable livelihood ability of farmers with different livelihood types,that is,to establish the livelihood capital cultivation model of farmers with different livelihood types.The innovation of this paper mainly includes the following three points:(1)Environmental capital and psychological capital are introduced to expand the index dimension of farmers' livelihood capital.(2)The research in this paper finds that the livelihood risk has an intermediary effect between the farmers' livelihood capital and sustainable livelihood ability.(3)This paper establishes a livelihood capital cultivation model for farmers with different types of livelihood strategies.