From Collectivization To Household Operation:The Exploration On Motivating Of Farmers' Autonomy In The Process Of Rural Development

The 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward “ the strategy of rural vitalization”.From the perspective of the history of modern rural development in China,there are two main paths for rural development: one is to promote the township by the city,and to promote the urban function radiation,the migrant workers,and the urbanization rate.The other is that the construction of the village itself,like the Rural Reconstruction.A comparison of the two approaches reveals that the latter approach is more beneficial to the overall development of the village.Therefore,the implementation of the rural development prefers be developed with the village as the main body.Through the combing of the development theory,we find the endogenous development theory,emphasizing that the development model based on internal development and promoting local comprehensive progress is more suitable for the development path of the countryside.Endogenous development theory has two theoretical sources of Europe and Japan,it has experienced two stages of new endogenous development that rely solely on internal development to absorb the outside and become internal development.To implement endogenous development,we need to motivate local people.To promote the development of rural areas,we need to stimulate the enthusiasm of rural areas,that is,to build the autonomy of farmers.The autonomy of farmers has two meanings.One is the autonomy of three fields,including the autonomy of farmers in decision-making.Rural elites make flexible decisions based on the actual situation of rural areas,and ordinary villagers support the implementation under the drive of rationality.Independent control of the means of production,production can be based on local resources,and products have the right to negotiate prices in the market;The independent choice of social life,farmers participate in rural public life,for a goal,common consultation,division of labor and cooperation to promote social harmony.The three autonomy correspond to the political,economic and social fields,and finally form consistent actions at the village level.The other is that farmers form a "territorial-cultural" identity to the countryside,which is the goal of the construction mechanism of farmers' autonomy.This research adopts the Idea Type perspective,through direct observation and unstructured interview to understand the development process of vegetable planting in S village,which can be divided into two stages: collectivization period to the end of the 20 th century,the construction process of farmers' autonomy,and the farmers' acquisition;After entering the 21 st century,with the change of the external social and economic structure,the autonomy of farmers has been weakened and fallen into the development dilemma.Through the analysis of S village's development,it is found that: Firstly,Farmers' decision-making autonomy,independent control of means of production and independent choice of social life are based on individual autonomy,and they need to be linked with the integrity of the countryside to stimulate the enthusiasm of the countryside and maintain the common development of the countryside and the villagers;Secondly,in practice,the construction of farmers' autonomy is always a dynamic process.With the change of social and economic structure,farmers' autonomy needs to be changed constantly.The three autonomy influence each other.Thirdly,the peasants' "territorial-cultural" identity to the countryside can reflect the acquisition of farmers' autonomy.