Investigation And Analysis Of The Oral Health Condition Of Visually Impaired Students And Discussion On Oral Health Education Methods In Qingdao

Objective:To investigate and analyze the oral health status and the awareness of oral health behavior and oral health knowledge of visually impaired students in Qingdao.To explore the influencing factors of caries and the effectiveness of different oral health education methods in visually impaired students,providing basic materials for woking out oral health instruction measures.Methods:According to WHO oral health survey methods and the 3rd national oral health epidemiological survey,we carried out oral examinations in both 137 visually impaired students at permanent dentition stage and 25 visual disabled students at replacement dentition stage.The 137 visually impaired students were grouped by sex(male and female),age(12-17 and 18-21 years old)and the degree of visual disability(blind and low vision).Besides,we used questionnaire to survey the awareness of oral health behavior and oral health knowledge in the 137 visually impaired students at permanent dentition stage.The risk factors of caries were analyzed through Spearman correlation analysis.Eight classes were assigned to traditional oral health education method not repeated group(Group A),traditional oral health education method repeated group(group B),special oral health education method not repeated group(Group C),special oral health education Method repeated group(Group D).Oral health education was accomplished for each group.Then plaque removal efficacy was examined.The data collected were subjected to one-way ANOVA and least significant difference t test.Results:For 137 visually impaired adolescences at the permanent dentition stage,the prevalence rate of dental caries was 54.01%,the filling percentage was 15.98%,the fissure closure rate was 2.92%,dental trauma incidence was 8.03%.The mean DMFS of the subjects and the sufferers with caries were 1.23 and 2.28 respectively.The rate of gingival bleeding and dental calculus was 63.50% and 72.26% respectively and the average number of teeth with gingival bleeding and dental calculus on probing were 5.15 and7.32.The periodontal pockets rate was 6.57% and the attachment loss rate was 7.30%.In the 25 visual disabled children at replacement dentition stage,the prevalence rate of dental caries was 12%,the filling percentage was 0%,the fissure closure rate was 0%,incidenceof dental trauma was 0%.The mean DMFS of the subjects and the sufferers with caries were 0.28 and 2.33 respectively.The filling rate of dental caries in the 12-17 age group was significantly lower than that in the 18-21 age group(p<0.05),and the incidence of dental trauma was significantly higher in the Blind Group(p<0.05).The caries rate of permanent teeth in replacement dentition students was significantly lower than that of permanent dentition students(p<0.05).We found that caries were negatively related to the number of teeth brushing times per day,the duration of brushing and the behavior of mouthwash and teeth brushing after meals.Where as,we found that caries were positively related to the number of eating sweets every day and the frequency of having sweets before bedtime.The plaque removal rate of A,B,C,and D groups were 6.04%,10.25%,33.96%,and 56.46% respectively.The difference between the groups was statistically significant(P<0.001),and Group D was significantly better than Group A and Group B(p<0.05).Conclusion:The visually impaired students in Qingdao have a rather poor oral health condition with low rate of filling and popularity of oral preventive measures,and lack of understanding of oral health knowledge.Oral health behavior are not standardized.The Special oral health education method combined with repeated oral health education method can be used as the preferred method for oral health education to students with with visual disabilities.