A Study On The Improvement Of Emergency Response Capacity For Accidents In Nuclear Plants

Nuclear energy development is one of the important objectives in China's thirteenth five-year plan.It's also a field that shows a major country's comprehensive national strength.However,during the steady development of nuclear energy,there has been several major nuclear power plant accidents,which include the Three Mile Island nuclear accident in the United States,the Chernobyl nuclear accident in the former Soviet Union,and Fukushima accident in Japan.These accidents,though limited in number,had negative effect on people's view of nuclear energy in the accident and neighbour countries when they happened.They've also produced long-standing negative impressions in the international community.For nuclear energy to develop steadily and safely,the strengthening of emergency response capacity for nuclear plant accidents is a key factor.The improvement in the field can not only effectively avoid or weaken accident hazard and its negative impact on the public opinions during an accident,but also promote the safe management of nuclear plants during their daily operations.This article seeks to comprehensively improve the emergency response capacity for nuclear plant accidents.It looks at historical nuclear plant accidents(e.g.the Fukushima accident),emergency response exercises in Chinese nuclear plants and the related laws and regulations that are currently in force in China.By conducting a detailed analysis on the aforementioned areas,this article not only tries to come up witheffective and plausible measures that can address the shortcomings discovered,but also produces the best multi-element computing scheme for contingency plans dealing with randomly occurring accidents.(1)This article analyses the radiation monitoring,the real-time monitoring systems,the violation of international conventions and the emergency evacuation,and the public perception of the emergency response in Japan's Fukushima nuclear accidents.(2)This article takes a look at the common problems occurred in the emergency exercises in Chinese nuclear plants and conducts an systematic classification of the problems.The article analyses the problems in such areas as management,personnel,equipment and facilities,environment,and communication,and puts forward measures to address the problems.(3)This article lays down the best multi-element computing method for the effective and reasonable management of randomly occurring emergencies.These emergencies develop quickly and cause massive damage.In order to ensure the reliability and effectiveness of the emergency responses,as well as the steadiness of the whole working process and the after-accident operation,the key is to select in a timely and effective fashion the best solution among all that are put forward by emergency response teams and specialists on site.(4)This article gives an detailed description of the making of and the importance of the appliance of Nuclear Energy Act.It looks back at the process during which the law was made.Taking into consideration the various issues and objective conditions present during the law making process,the article lays down suggestions in such areas as the strategic objective of the nuclear industry,the independence of the regulatory authorities,and the organization of the current laws,regulations and standards.After comprehensively studying and analyzing People's Republic of China Nuclear Security Law,this article puts down several suggestions for the amending of the law,which include the improvementof the definitions to make them more clear,stating the relationship between the law and other related laws and regulations,enhancing the independence of the regulatory authorities,enhancing process management,the refinement of compensation and claims for nuclear accidents and the improvement of information disclosure.The development of nuclear energy is an important strategic objective for China and the whole world.The key for the safe development of nuclear energy is comprehensively increasing the emergency response capacity for nuclear plant accidents.This article analyses the various elements in the field and then comes up with suggestions addressing the various problems discovered in the nuclear emergency response process.The effective realization of the various suggestions provided will efficiently increase power plants' ability to deal with accidents,thus providing better technological support for the safe development of nuclear energy.