Study On Rural Waterless Toilet System In Arid Areas

With the implementation of China’s “toilet revolution”,various areas have begun to implement toilet renovation on a large scale.Changing toilets has improved the living standards of the vast rural areas,reduced the spread of diseases,and improved the health of farmers.This study aims to meet the actual needs of rural areas in drought-scarce areas in China,which is faced with the problem that ordinary water flushing toilets cannot be used in the renovation of rural toilets in drought-stricken areas in China,and to meet the actual needs of rural areas in drought-stricken areas in China.The use of rural water flushing toilet systems.The rural waterless toilet system is a whole ecological chain circulation system that includes the collection,storage,transportation,treatment and agricultural utilization of manure and urine,which realizes the harmless,resource,zero discharge and recycling of human waste.This study proposes a classification method for waterless toilets based on the collection method of excrement,the treatment method of excrement and the construction ground.The structure and treatment process of fecal and urine dehydration type waterless toilet,manure and urine collection type non-washing toilet and composting type waterless toilet were studied.The functional characteristics,applicable conditions and cost of different types of toilets were analyzed.According to the toilet construction technology in the system,three types of hygienic toilets,such as dry-sealed sanitary latrines,double-pit toilets and prefabricated integrated toilets,were studied.The application technology of the prefabricated integrated dehydration toilet was researched and developed,and the toilet built using the ground type was studied,and the toilet with the lifting function of the storage tank was integrated.Two types of manure-mixed composting toilets,simple composting toilets and microbial composting toilets,were studied.The composting process,composting equipment and composting conditions were analyzed.In the secondary treatment and resource conversion of toilet manure,the research on composting technology of small compost bin was carried out,and the prefabricated small composting pond was developed.A medium-sized passive sunlight composting house was developed and a composting test was carried out.The resource utilization of urine is proposed.In view of the implementation measures of the application of waterless toilets in China,it is proposed to select the appropriate toilet mode according to local conditions,and give correct guidance to the corresponding folk customs.Specific measures should be guided by the government,with the villagers as the main body to provide the necessary technical guidance and training.A comprehensive comparison of different types of water-washing toilet process models was discussed.Comprehensive analysis is carried out in terms of reduction,harmlessness,resource utilization,applicability,and economics.It is concluded that the manure-distillation-type waterless toilet and the compost-type waterless toilet can be applied to the renovation of rural sanitary toilets in drought-stricken areas in China.