| Da qing mountain national nature reserve in Inner Mongolia is the intersection of the typical middle-temperature grassland area on the Mongolian plateau and the warm-temperature grassland area to the south of da qing mountain.The fauna belongs to the palaearctic boundary,the subboundary of central Asia and Asia,the new Mongolian district and the eastern grassland subregion,with rich and diverse animal and plant species.But had not been for many years in the wild animal resources background investigation,the region's lack of in-depth investigation on the present situation of animal diversity.The survey is the first survey of bird and animal species diversity since it was promoted to a national nature reserve in 2008,and the first use of infrared cameras in traditional survey methods.In order to grasp the da qing mountain national reserve background data of the beast,bird species diversity and provide firsthand material related to the protection of rare and endangered species,7~11months in 2018 in da qing mountain baotou city under the jurisdiction of national nature reserve is located at jiufeng mountain forest farm,Hohhot da qing mountain forest farm,wulanchabu city in zhuozi tower of forest farm in the investigation.The diversity of birds and animals in da qing mountain national nature reserve was investigated by means of sampling line,infrared camera and non-inductive survey.(1)Results of this survey:23 wild animal species were obtained,belonging to 4 orders and 9 families,accounting for 69.7%of the total number of animal species in this area.1 rank?key protected wild animals,?level four key protected wild animals.One was assessed as critically endangered,three as vulnerable,two as near threatened and one as vulnerable.The length of the sample line is 123.29 km in total,and the survey intensity is 23.7%.The area ratio of survey units in jiufeng mountain,daqing mountain and shanggaotai forest farms was 35%,26%and 19.5%,respectively.A total of 48 cameras were placed,working for1036 working days in total.The average shooting rate of infrared cameras was 31%,covering an area of 162 km~2.(2)Beast in the relative abundance of the top three,respectively Capreolu spygargus(RAI=82.4%),the Naemorhedus griseus(RAI=8.4%),Meles leucurus(RAI=8.3%).he commonly photographed species were Capreolu spygargus(CR=10.36%),the more commonly photographed species were Naemorhedus griseus(CR=1.7%),Meles leucurus(CR=1.1%),and the occasionally photographed species were Prionailurus bengalensis(CR=0.4%)and Vulpes vulpes(CR=0.7%).The highest photographing rate of mountain forest habitat was 56%,and the lowest of grassland habitat was 6%.By comparing the highest animal population density of jiufeng mountain ecological management committee,The Capreolu spygargus population density(4.45/km~2 1.12/km~2),Naemorhedus griseus population density(1.37/km~2±0.41/km~2),Meles leucurus population density(1.75/km~2±0.24/km~2),Vulpes vulpes population density(1.22/km~2±0.34/km~2).(3)A total of 55 species of birds,belonging to 11 orders and 21families,were recorded in daqingshan reserve.Among them,there are 25species of passerine birds in 10 families,accounting for 45.5%of the total species.30 species of non-passerine birds,belonging to 10 orders and 18families,accounting for 54.5%of the total species.Among the non-passerine birds,the most species are falconiformes,with 11 species,accounting for 20%of the total species.There were 5 species of owl,pigeon and charadriiformes,accounting for 9.1%of the total species.There were 3 species of gallinae,accounting for 5.5%of the total species.Piciformes and swiftiformes were two species,accounting for 3.6%of the total number of piciformes,respectively.The species of marabousiformes,daiseniformes and cuculiformes accounted for 1.8%of the total species,respectively.There were 30 species of palaearctic birds,accounting for54.5%of the total number of birds surveyed.There were 15 species of all-northern type,accounting for 27.3%of the total number of birds surveyed.There were 6 middle subtypes,accounting for 10.9%of the total number of birds surveyed.There were 2 species of northeast type,2species of monsoon type,2 species of Oriental type and 2 species of widespread type,accounting for 3.6%of the total number of birds in this survey.Northeast-north China type?species,accounting for 1.8%.Among the birds distributed in da qing mountain reserve,24 species of summer migratory birds were found,accounting for 43.6%.4 species of winter migratory birds,accounting for 7.3%;12 species of migratory birds,accounting for 21.8%;28 species of resident birds,50.9%.There are 52 species of breeding birds(including resident birds and summer migratory birds)in the region,accounting for 94.5%of the total number of birds surveyed.(4)The diversity of birds varies greatly among different habitats in the reserve.Among them,the habitats with the highest species diversity were mountain broad-leaved forest and coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest(3.2741);Secondly,the habitat of shrubby grassland was(3.0144).The lowest species diversity was found in residential habitats(2.0433).From high to low,the species diversity index was ranked as mountain broad-leaved forest,coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest,middle and low mountain thicket grassland,ravine meadow and residential area.The results of Pielou evenness index calculation showed that the evenness index of the bird community in mountain broad-leaved forest and coniferous mixed forest was the highest(0.8171).Secondly,the bird community in the shrubby grassland of the middle and low mountains(0.7522)has a high evenness index.The bird community in the gully meadow(0.5333)and the bird community in the residential area(0.5099)have similar values,This indicated that the bird population distribution in the mixed forest was the most uniform.After similarity analysis,it was found that among the four bird communities,the similarity between shrub bird communities and farmland~residential bird communities was the highest(0.561).The similarity between other communities was low,and the lowest similarity was between desert steppe bird community and wetland bird community(0.087).This indicated that there were great differences among habitats in the reserve and the diversity of species was obvious. |
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