| Species diversity is the foundation and key of biodiversity,as well as the core function and structure unit of biodiversity.It not only reflects the complexity and richness of biological resources,but also reflects the various mechanisms between biology and its environment.With the growth of global population and the development of human society,the competition between human and wild animals for limited resources and space becomes more and more fierce.Human activities and biological invasion have become the main threats to the survival of wild animals.The nature reserve is an important area of biodiversity protection in China.To carry out the monitoring of wildlife diversity,to investigate the background of wildlife resources in the nature reserve,and to master the population dynamics,distribution and activity law of wildlife are not only helpful to understand the degree of disturbance and environmental pressure of animals,the relationship between species and ecological behavior strategy,but also helpful to the protection of wildlife It has important reference value for the protection and management measures.Based on 22 months' monitoring by infrared camera,the relative abundance data of birds and animals in Xiaoqinling National Nature Reserve of Henan Province were obtained,and the activity rhythm of domestic dogs and their potential threat birds and animals in the same area were studied by using kernel density estimation method and daily activity overlap coefficient.The main results are as follows:(1)During the period of infrared camera monitoring,811 independent and effective photos of birds were obtained,and 32 species of birds were identified,belonging to 6 orders and 13 families.Among them,there are 7 species are listed as Class ? state key protected wild animals in China,namely Tragopan temminckii,Pucrasia macrolopha,Chrysolophus pictus,Trochalopteron elliotii,Strix leptogrammica,Gluccidium cuculoides and Accipiter trivirgatus.The top five birds with relative richness were Pucrasia macrolopha((RAI=2.20)),Chrysolophus pictus(RAI=2.03),Myophonus caeruleus(RAI=0.49),Turdus rubrocanus(RAI=0.42)and Garrulus gladarius(RAI=0.40).The highest number of birds was observed in spring,with 24 species.(2)Two new records of birds in Henan Province were found,namely Tragopan temminckii and Mycerobas carnipes.The relative abundance of these two species is 0.33 and 0.12,respectively.(3)During the period of infrared camera monitoring,a total of 7500 independent and effective photos of mammals were obtained,and 14 species belonging to 4 orders and 10 families were identified.Among them,Moschus berezovskii is the species are listed as Class ? state key protected wild animals in China;3species are listed as Class ? state key protected wild animals in China,they are Martes flavigula,Prionailurus bengalensis and Naemorhedus griseus.Among the mammals,Sciurotamias davidianus(RAI = 39.10),Sus scrofa(RAI = 11.98),Naemorhedus griseus(RAI = 10.15),Hystrix hodgsoni(RAI = 5.04)and Prionailurus bengalensis(RAI = 3.27)were the top five in relative abundance.The highest number of mammals was observed in summer,with 13 species.(4)Nocturnal analysis showed that Arctonyx collaris,Paguma larvata,Prionailurus bengalensis,Moschus berezovskii,Muntiacus reevesi and Hystrix hodgsoni were nocturnal;The nocturnal mobility of Martes flavigula was not obvious;Sus scrofa,Sciurotamias davidianus,Chrysolophus pictus,Tragopan temminckii,Pucrasia macrolopha and Canis lupus familiaris were diurnal.(5)The vertical distribution characteristics showed that the Martes flavigula,Prionailurus bengalensis,Sus scrofa,Moschus berezovskii,Naemorhedus griseus and Pucrasia macrolopha were unimodal;the Arctonyx collaris,Paguma larvata,Chrysolophus pictus,Sciurotamias davidianus and Canis lupus familiaris were compound;Hystrix hodgsoni is monotonous decreasing type;There is a lack of a middle altitude segment for Muntiacus reevesi and Tragopan temminckii,but they are monotonically decreasing and monotonically increasing,respectively.(6)The daily activity rhythm analysis showed that the activity peaks of Naemorhedus griseus and Sus scrofa were at 6:00 and 18:00 respectively,and the former had a small peak at 18:00;Moschus berezovskii and Muntiacus reevesi reached the peak at 18:00 and 21:00,respectively,and Muntiacus reevesi had two peaks at 4:00 and 11:00;Chrysolophus pictus,Tragopan temminckii and Pucrasia macrolopha reached the first peak at 7:00,and reached the second peak at 18:00,18:00 and 16:00,respectively;Sciurotamias davidianus and Hystrix hodgsoni reached the peak at 8:00-17:00 and 21:00-3:00,respectively;The activities of Prionailurus bengalensis,Paguma larvata and Arctonyx collaris reached the peak at 21:00-5:00,21:00-4:00 and 24:00,respectively;the nocturnal activity of yellow throated mink was not obvious,and reached the peak at 5:00 and 20:00;The peak of Canis lupus familiaris activity is at 7:00.(7)The overlap coefficient of daily activity rhythm showed that: Canis lupus familiaris and Naemorhedus griseus(?= 0.85);Chrysolophus pictus(?= 0.76),Tragopan temminckii(?= 0.76),Sus scrofa(?= 0.76),Martes flavigula(?= 0.72)and Pucrasia macrolopha(?=0.71);And Muntiacus reevesi(?= 0.67),Moschus berezovskii(?= 0.63),Prionailurus bengalensis(?= 0.68)and Sciurotamias davidianus(?= 0.67);Hystrix hodgsoni(?= 0.45),Paguma larvata(?= 0.38)and Arctonyx collaris(?= 0.52).Conclusion:(1)A total of 46 species of birds and animals were found in Xiaoqinling National Nature Reserve,Henan Province.Except for rare species,they are all forest or terrestrial birds and large and medium mammals.The relative richness of Martes flavigula and Tragopan temminckii is low,and the distribution range is small.(2)There is a significant vertical structure of species distribution in the reserve,and the vertical distribution pattern is different among species.Domestic dogs tend to move at low altitude,and the species diversity decreases at the sites where domestic dogs move frequently.(3)Canis lupus familiaris have great potential threat to Naemorhedus griseus,Chrysolophus pictus and Tragopan temminckii.(4)In Xiaoqinling National Nature Reserve of Henan Province,the organization of Canis lupus familiaris is not high,and the competition and threat brought by Canis lupus familiaris chasing,preying or scavenging are increasing. |
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