| Wetlands?forests and the sea are known as the world's three major ecosystems.Wetlands as a special systeam,have an important vale on the ecosystem balance.Wetland plants are one of the main components of wetlands,and are the producers of ecosystems.In addition to providing food and industrial raw materials to human beings,they can also play an important role on the environment production?promoting siltation?regulating climate?degrading pollution and genetic diversity.At the same time,with the depth of waterfowl-related research,as a waterfowl habitat,plants become an important part of bird diversity protection and research.The wetland plant community-based landscape is an important tourist resources.However,in recent years,with the increase of population and the one-sided understanding of wetland,the destruction and the unreasonable development of wetland have been exacerbated,resulting in the reduction of wetland area,the loss of biodiversity,the declining of functions and benefits of Wetland,Seriously endanger the survival of wetland organisms,restricting the development of human society and economy.Therefore,the conservation,restoration and rational use of wetlands are systematically and comprehensively studied in terms of scientific research value,environmental protection value,economic value or social effect.Choose suitable wetland plants is a key way for the restoration of wetland degraded.Studies on flora of wetland plants in China are the basis for the conservation and restoration of wetland ecosystem,which may providethe theoretical basis for the selection of engineered species,the disposition of community and establishment of recovery index in the process of ecological restoration.We makes a statistical analysis on the species and flora characteristics of vascular wetland plants in China by the combination of field investigation and literature analysis,to provide the theoretical basis for the protection and utilization of wetlands in China.The main conclusions are summarized as follows:1.Composition of species:There are 2501 higher species(including subspecies,varieties and forms)in wetlands of china,belonging to 580 genera and 149 families on the basis of literatures and field investigation,and part of them are aline plants.In which,there are 73 kinds of pteridophyte belonging to 22 genera 29 families;8 kinds of gymnosperm belonging to 5 genera 3 families,2420 kinds of angiosperms belonging to 546 genera 124 families,of which 963 kinds of monocotyledons belonging to 192 genera 35 families,1457 kinds of dicotyledonous plants belonging to 354 genera 89 families.There have 2311 species of wild wetland vascular plant.There are 189 species of generalized wetland aline vascular plants belonging to 47families and 93 genera in China,Among them,Nymphaeaceae has the most species and account for 12.16%;The data showed that there are 167 species were mainly introduced for specific purposes and 22 species were introduced unintentional.America is the main origins of invasive alien species of China.There are 74 species of key protected wetland plants belonging to 29 families and 45 genera in China,Including 36 species in the IUCN red list,11 species in classification ?,20 species in classification ?.2.Chinese wetland vascular plants in the dominant family?genera is very obvious,dominant families accounted for 22%of the total number of families,but the genera accounted for 60%and the number accounted for 90%,The dominant genera of the Chinese wetland vascular plants accounted for 22.41%of the total genera,but the number of species accounted for 69.8%of the total number of species.So we can see,the phenomenon of the dominant families and genera are very obvious.3.Life form:On the life form,there were 76,154,565,9 and 1697 species of trees,shrubs,annual herb,biennial herb and perennial herb,accounting for 3.04%,6.16%,22.6%,0.36%and 67.85%of the total species,respectively.4.Ecological grous:On ecological grous,the hygrophyte plants is the most.there were 488,1482,44,154,246,59,28species of semi-hygrophilous plants,hygrophyte plants,amphibious plant,submersed plants,emergent plants,floating-leaved plants and free-floating plants,accounting for 19.5%?59.26%?1.76%?6.16%?9.84%and 2.36%of the total species.5.Floristic components:The floristic analysis of wild vascular wetland plant is complex and diverse.There are 8 types and 7 subtypes disturibution of families floristic composition,in which,there are 61 families in the tropical distribution,and 25 families of temperate distribution division,accounting for 42.96%and 17.61%of the total number of families.At family level,the number of tropical elements accounted for obvious advantages,tropical relations were obvious.The distribution of the genera has 14 types and 27 subtypes,of which 241 genera of the tropical distribution,210 genera of temperate distributionand and 13 genera endemic in Chinese,accounting for 44.46%,38.75%and 2.94%of the total genera,respectively.The Chinese wetland vascular plants have typical tropical distribution characteristics.At the genera level,the distribution types are diverse,which indicates that the floristic elements are complex and have rich geographical relation with the flora of the world.With the distribution of tropical nature and temperate distribution,the genera of tropical elements are dominant,in the process of development in this area with tropical flora and temperate floristic most close relationship,high proportion of tropical and north temperate distribution,shows that this area is subtropical and transitional character.6.Protection and utilization:Chinese wetland vascular plant is rich in resources,due to human over-harvesting,reclamation,harvesting,domestic sewage discharge so that the survival of wetland plants are threatened.If the use of some species exceed the plant itself or ecological self-regulation capacity,will cause serious damage,and even the risk of extinction.We need to be scientific and rational use of resources,and take the road of sustainable development,in the introduction of cultivation need to be cautious,so as not to cause invasion,but also to improve the wetland protected areas,to absorb the relevant professional management personnel,improve scientific research institutions,formulate relevant laws and regulations,while strengthening publicity and education to the public. |
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