| Research on flora play a developmental role of evolution and classification system on plant, and has a significant impact and significance of research on plant ecology, environmental science, plant resources. Higher plants in Guangxi wetlands does not has a species diversity catalog and a special specimens library which its voucher specimens of extant species were not collected Although it has been studied for a long time and achieved certain achievements. Analysis of Guangxi wetland higher plants species and flora characteristics, collecting its voucher specimens, writing cataloging species diversity is generated in this context.also, The geographic distribution of wetland higher plant was divided, and the current situation of its resources was systematically analysed, then, suggestions are putting forward in order to provide theoretical basis and practical reference for the protection and management of wetland in Guangxi.The main research methods: ①According to the literature identified wetland plant species, identified rare and endangered species and exotic species, distinguish geographical elements.② Field acquisition and production of voucher specimens③Use Exce12010 and SPSS 13.0 for Windows software to process data. ④In order to improve the diversity of species cataloged, reference other herbaria of higher plant specimens in Guangxi wetlands. The mainly research results are followed:1. Higher plants are rich in Guangxi Wetland, part of them are alien plants. The 901 known species belongs to 403 genus in 158 families, in which,there are bryophyte 95 species belongs to 44 genus in 24 families,55 pteridophyte species belongs to 36 genus in 25 families and 751 spermatophyte species belongs to 323 genus in 109 families. In the spermatophyte, there are gymnosperm 5 species belongs to 4 genus in 2 families,746 angiosperms species belongs to 319 genus in 107 families (which dicotyledoneae plants 421 species belongs to 197 genus in 73 families,and monocotyledoneae plants 325 species belongs to 122 genus in 34 families). Among them,l pteridophyte species and 55 spermatophyte species which belonging to 41 genus in 30 families are alien plants. Bryophyte:Much less variety in Guangxi wetland, which the number of species,genus and familys covers 19.20%,7.69% and 2.75% in China, respectively. Pteridophyte:Much less variety in Guangxi wetland, which the number of species,genus and familys covers 44.64%,23.23% and 4.07% in Guangxi; 39.68%,15.45%,2.08% in China, respectively. Spermatophytes:species are rich, which the number of species,genus and familys covering 22.10%,9.48% and 9.34% in Guangxi; 28.89%,9.15% and about 2.42% in China, respectively.2. Structure of species composition:The families with 1 genu and 1 specie, genus with 1 specie is the main composition structure of higher plants of wetlands in Guangxi, which with much species for more-genus families and more-species genus.①At the family level, mainly with 1-genu families and 1-specie families. Among it,100 families with 1 genu,39 families with 2-4 genus,13 families with 5-9 genus,3 families with 10-19 genus,3 families wihch more than 20 genus covering 63.29%,24.68%,8.23%,1.90% and 1.90%, respectively.61 families with 1 specie,77 families with 2-9 species,14 families with 10-19 species,4 families with 20-49 species,2 families wihch more than 50 species covering 38.61%,48.73%,8.86%,2.53% and 1.27%, respectively. Pottiaceae, Polytrichaceae and Amblystegiaceae of moss plants; Thelypteridaceae and Athyriaceae of fern plants, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, Polygonaceae, Urticaceae and Compositae of seed plants are the respective dominant families.②At the genus level, mainly with 1-specie genus. Among it,247 genus with 1 specie,113 genus with 2-4 species, 35 genus with 5-9 species; 8 genus which more than 10 species covering 61.29%,28.04%, 8.68% and 1.99%, respectively. ③At the Species level, mainly with perennial herbs and hygrophyte. On life form,463 species are perennial herbs which covers 51.39% in total species, Among it,49 species of fern plants and 414 species of seed plants covers 5.44% and 45.95%, respectively. On ecological groups,457 species are hygrophyte which covers 50.72%,69 species of moss plants,43 species of fern plants,345 species of seed plants covers 7.66%,4.77%, 38.29%, respectively. Mangrove wetland plants are now known that there are 17 species (which are 11 really mangrove plants species,and 6 semi-mangrove plants species.)belongs to 17 genus in 12 families in Guangxi, Heritiera littoralis located in Fangchenggang, Ceriops tagal distributed in Beihai and Fangchenggang as the literature. Sonneratia apetala distribution in Beihai and Qinzhou. The rest of the species distributes in the three coastal region of Guangxi Beibu Gulf.3. Floristic components:The floristic analysis of Wild higher plants in Guangxi wetlands showed complex and diverse.Ferns and seed plants have 8 types and 5 subtypes distribution of families floristic components, wihch 55 families of temperate and 17 families of temperate covering 76.39% and 23.61%, respectively. And 13 types,14 subtypes,7 variants distribution of genus floristic composition, which 185 genus of tropical,74 genus of temperate,6 genus endemic in Chinese covering 69.81%,27.92%,2.26%, respectively. So the dominant floristic of geographical elements showed tropical characteristics, with common of tropical ingredients genus, such as Lobelia., Alternanthera, Oryza, Leersia. Also, Cosmopolitan characteristics paly a certain position of higher plants in Guangxi wetlands, with 54 families and 66 genus, which covering 42.86% and 19.94%, respectively. Some species distributed a larger area in Guangxi wetlands, and often as constructive species, such as species in Polygonum, Ceratophyllum, Cyperus, Potamogeton, Typha, Poa, Lemna.4. Endemism:Much less endemic species of higher plants in Guangxi wetland. It is now known, there are 7 genus endemic in East Asia, as Hemistepta; 7 species endemic or Mainly distributed in the East Asia, as Adina rubella.6 genus are China endemic genus, as Glyptostrobus; 11 species are China endemic species, as Kinostemon ornatum.12 species are Guangxi endemic species, as Cryptocoryne kwangsiensis.5. Surrounding province contact:The species and flora of wetlands higher plants in Guangxi are closed to neighboring provinces, Poaceae, Cyperaceae and Polygonaceae are the dominant families. The typical tropical and subtropical wetland flora in Guangxi have a unified origin with Yunnan and Guizhou. From the geographical composition of view, The wetland vascular flora in Guangxi can be one of the representatives in China. Ancient endemic genus and new endemic genus can coexist in Guangxi., making Guangxi become one of the central area of endemic genus of Chinese.6. Geographical Distribution:Higher plants of wetlands in Guangxi can be divided into six distribution areas, they are Guangxi Northeast wetland areas, Northwest Guangxi wetland areas, Guangxi wetland areas, Southwest Guangxi wetland areas, southeastern Guangxi wetland areas and Guinan wetland plants areas.7. Exploitation of resource:Resources of Guangxi wetland species shows features with richness, functional diversification and rich reserves, which could divided into economic plants resources, environmental protection resources, germplasm plants resources. At present,19 key protected plants are found in wetland of Guangxi, including 3 species belong to 3 genus in 3 families which listed in IUCN Red List; 13 national key protected plants species belong to 12 genus in 10 families; Meanwhile,3 key protected plants species belonging to 3 genus in 3 families. Some species,which are sensitive and distributed in small areas, such as Cryptocoryne kwangsiensis was investigated. However, There are also problems such as over-exploitation, increasing-pollution and invasion caused by introduction. Suggestions are given, for example, exploiting Scientificly and rationally, applying for Global Environment Facility (GEF) to protect the wetland in Guangxi even the whole country, that will be the sustainable development.The innovations of this study:①A list of species diversity catalog of Higher wetland plants of Guangxi were written. Basis of 3139 specimens collected on the period 2011-2014 in the field survey, References other herbarium specimens and literature, writing the catalog.② The higher wetlands plant specimens were collected in order to make up the current state of Guangxi wetland without vacancies herbarium library as well as certificate for future research. Collected specimens deposited in Wetland Ecology Laboratory of Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection(Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education③The latest information on higher plants of wetlands in Guangxi were updated, now,we have known 901 species through field investigation and document statistics.④Some species,which are sensitive and distributed in small areas, are analyzed, and suggestions to strengthen the protection of this species are put forward. ⑤Resources of higher plant in wetland are classified systematacially and specifically and recommendations are made for some of the problems arising from the development and utilization of wetland resources, which can be as reference for the relevant departments and academics. |
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