Changes Of Policy Tool In Building Key University In China

Since the 20 th century, key university policies occupy an increasingly important position in China's development strategy. With the world increasingly linked, competition between countries is also growing. cutting-edge technology, high-quality talent are the important bargaining chip in competition.,and the gestation process chips mainly from the excellent institutions of higher learning. Therefore, the construction of world-class universities, high-quality scientific research and training system for international competition is urgent. In the beginning of the 1950 s,our government became aware of this problem, gradually building a series of policies to support key universities.Our government delineated key universitis In 1954, 1959, 1960 and 1978 respectively, and started a more systematic "211 project" in 1993. Then,under the slogan of building a world-class university, our government opened the "985 project", and the "2011 plan" is another milestone for the development of key universities policy.many studies focus on key universities of China, but few discussed key universities policy in terms of policy tools. Policy tool is the master used by the government in order to achieve policy objectives, the framework built on the basis of policy tools will conducive to classify policy text. Using theories of policy tools to analyze the basic context of the development of university policies, we try to perspective the deep law of policy changes.First we used theoretical model of policy tools posed by Schneider and Ingram to review the key universities policy of China, analyzing the policy tools based on the means of exerting effects(including the authority, symbols, ability, motivation, etc.),and finding that the proportion of using authoritative tool decreased; the use of symbols and dissuasive tool from adapting to national development needs to train engineering and technical talents at the national level to fitting the intrinsic value of university; motivational tool is widely used from the late 1980 s, and gradually improved and concrete; the proportion of using ability tool gradually increased, and the overall funding become a trend. With the gradual increase governance capacity, the government depend on key universities more. it recognized the intervention should follow the law of development of academic organizations, thus it pays more attention to expanding the university autonomy in policies and changes the role in the intervention.We select the analytical framework of policy tools raised by Rothwell and zegveld and make some amendments to improve the relevance. We construct the two-dimensional analysis framework of policy changes in building a world-class university in China based on the actual force(push, pull, environmental impact, etc.). The analysis revealed that the selection of policy tools changes from goal-method matching to the reality matching.Developing policies are further expanding the policy tool space of decentralization.the distribution of power between subjects gradually become more reasonable, and the role of executive actors is from single to joint.