Effects Of Psychological Empowerment And Job Involvement On The Turnover Intention Of Clinical Nurses

ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the existing circumstances of clinical nurses’ psychological empowerment,job involvement and turnover intention and to identify factors related to them.Based on the past theory,the paper made further efforts to discuss job involvement ’s mediating effect between psychological empowerment and turnover intention by using the mediation model which was based on structural equation model.It provided a theoretical basis for improving the management of nursing human resources.MethodsFrom July to September in 2016,totally 375 nurses from five three A-level general hospitals of Shandong province were involved in this investigation by using convenience sampling.General demographic data questionnaire,psychological empowerment scale,job involvement scale and turnover intention scale were used as research tools.And After the questionnaires were collected,data entry and analysis were completed by SPSS21.0 and AMOS21.0 statistical analysis software.Specific methods include descriptive statistics,independent sample T test,one-way ANOVA,Pearson correlation analysis,stepwise multiple linear regression analysis,strutural equation model analysis and so on.Results1.The total score of nurses’ psychological empowerment was(42.19±6.32)points,the total average score was(3.52 ± 0.53)points,four dimension scores from high to low were: self-efficacy(11.50±1.65)points,job sinificance(11.22±1.96)points,autonomy(10.43±2.12)points,and job impact(9.04±2.27)points.There was statistically difference of nurses’ total psychological empowerment score in terms of ages,working length,working positions,Ways of employment and monthly income(P<0.05).2.The total score of nurses’ job involvement was(31.17± 6.36)points,and there was a significant difference in the total score of nurses’ job involvement among different age,working length,working positions and monthly income(P<0.05).3.The total score of nurses’ turnover intention was(14.69 ± 3.46)points,the total average score was(2.45 ± 0.58)points,three dimension scores from high to low were: turnover intention Ⅲ(5.60 ±1.12)points,turnover intentionⅠ(4.75±1.58)points and turnover intentionⅡ(4.34±1.53)points.The nurses whose turnover intention level is high and very high accounted for about 72%.4.Correlation analysis showed that Nurses’ overall psychological empowerment were positively related with job involvement(r=0.582,p<0.01);Overall psychological empowerment was negatively related with the overall turnover intention(r=-0.511,p<0.01);Nurses’ job involvement was negatively related with the total turnover intention(r=-0.568,p<0.01).Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis that job involvement,job significance and job autonomy were the significant predictive factors of turnover intentionⅠ(p<0.01);job involvement,job significance and self-efficacy were the significant predictive factors of turnover intentionⅡ;job involvement was the significant predictive factor of turnover intentionⅢ(p<0.01).5.Through structural equation model,the structural model fitting index: CHI/DF=2.070;GFI=0.981;AGFI=0.950;RMSEA=0.053.The indirect effect output Interval of Bootstrap in this study was(-0.108—-0.041)and the direct effect output interval was(-0.168—-0.057).The mediating effect of job involvement between psychological empowerment and turnover intention was-0.0825(p<0.05).Conclusion1.The scores of Nurses’ psychological empowerment and job involvement were at the middle level,which was still need to be further improved.Scores between Nurses’ psychological empowerment and job involvement have a great difference in terms of different demographic characteristics.2.Nurses’ turnover intention was not optimistic.And most nurses’ turnover intention level is high.Turnover intention scores of nurses with different demographic characteristics were quite different.3.Nurses’ psychological empowerment and job involvement were negatively related with the turnover intention.Job involvement,self-efficacy,job significance and job autonomy were the significant predictive factors of turnover intention.The higher the level of psychological empowerment and job involvement was,the lower the level of nurses’ turnover intention was.4.Job involvement played a partial mediating role between psychological empowerment and turnover intention.Psychological empowerment could directly affect the turnover intention of nurses and also could affect nurses’ turnover intention by affecting the job involvement.