Wireless Sensor Network Routing Protocol Based On Energy Constraints

Wireless sensor networks which is considered Things "peripheral nerve", is a comprehensive information, including information collection, information processing and information transmission functions in one intelligent network information system. It deploy fast, flexible, and it is low-cost units. It can collect data and monitor intelligently for these region or target which people are interested in. It has now been applied in many fields and it have good performance in these areas. It refreshes people awareness of computer technology, network communications technology, embedded technology and intelligent technology.WSN has a wide range of applications, and also encountered in the practical application of a variety of restrictions and negative impacts. It is not like traditional wired sensor network. The main restrictions and negative impacts in WSN are sensor nodes’s energy, communication bandwidth, computing power and other critical resources,. Especially energy, constraints and negative impacts are more or less directed energy issues. WSN is usually deployed in an area of large, complex environment, or even worse environment. The sensor node can not be maintained by an uninterruptible power supply work. But for cost reasons it is impossible to control all of the nodes with renewable energy sources (such as solar) modules, so now most cases are equipped with battery. Battery energy is limited, the battery is exhausted, WSN immediately paralyzed. It is unscientific and almost impossible task by artificial replacement battery. So study the efficient use of energy resources, to extend the lifetime of the network is placed in front of many researchers a priority issue.There are many different research direction in efficient use of energy resources and extending the lifetime of the network. The Paper chooses WSN routing protocols to analysis and study. This paper analyzes the existing wireless sensor network routing protocol basis, focusing on routing improved protocol which is based on cluster-head-chaining incorporating LEACH and PEGASIS. The main contents and results are as follows:(1) Discuss WSN development, concept, structure, characteristics, applications, and something is closely related key technologies and network protocols in WSN.(2) Introduction WSN routing protocol-related knowledge, including routing protocol characteristics, classification, and describes some typical WSN routing protocol, routing protocol analysis of typical working principles, characteristics, advantages and disadvantages.(3) A detailed summary of the LEACH protocol and PEGASIS agreements, including the working mechanism of the two protocols, application premise, energy model, each cluster (chain) to establish and stabilize data transfer phase. Then analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of two protocols.(4) The LEACH-P protocol proposed in References [1] is a protocol which combine LEACH protocol and PEGASIS combine, use the thought of cluster-head-chaining incorporating LEACH and PEGASIS to avoid the two protocols their disadvantages and to absorb their respective advantages. However, LEACH-P protocol still have their shortage, this paper which, we proposed improvement in the cluster head election and the chain head election:take the number of a node’s neighbor into consideration in the cluster head election, introducing distance threshold in the chain head election,Let near the sink node cluster head easier elected as the chain head. Optimize the cluster-head-chaining routing protocol from the cluster head election and the chain head election.(5) The simulation results show that the simulation results show that the improved protocol is better than LEACH-P protocol. Improved protocol can enhance more energy efficiency, and extend more network lifetime.