Study On The Key Technology Of Slope Protection And Monitoring Based On Wireless Sensor Networks

China is a complex geological country with lots of mountains With the rapid development of railway construction in our country, mountain railway mileage is an increasing proportion of the country’s railway mileage. Due to geological disasters occur frequently in mountainous areas, slope protection and monitoring system needs to be deployed along the railway line in these area, which can protect the safety of railway operation, people’s life and property from natural disasters’damage.With the rapid development of computer technology, network technology, microelectronic technology and wireless communication technology, low energy consumption and multi-function sensor can be applied, and lots of small and cheap sensors can be deployed in the monitored area. It is widely accepted that wireless sensor technology will be applied in all kinds of areas, which bring the new research direction to the slope disaster protection and monitoring system along the railway line. According to the demand of the slope disaster protection and monitoring system, this paper pointed out that it is composed by acquisition node module, gateway node and ground server module. Through the coordination of each module’s work, the system can not only monitor geological environment and prevent emergencies along the railway line in the mountain area, but also issue warning information to the dispatch center staff in time.Owing to the limited energy of sensor nodes, and inconveniently in the complex mountain’s slope, the key to the slope protection and monitoring system’s performance and life cycle is energy consumption of sensor node. In this paper, we analyzed energy consumption distribution of sensor node, and pointed out that most of energy is consumed in the communication stage. So an efficient design of wireless sensor networks’routing protocol can reduce the sensor node’s energy consumption and maintain the networks’ energy balance. After summarizing several widely used routing protocols for wireless sensor networks and comparing their advantages, the improved ant colony protocol that has uneven virtual grid-based clustering mode (UVGC-IACO protocol) is proposed in this paper, which according to the routing requirements and characteristics of slope disaster prevention and monitoring system. The cluster head election and routing are optimized. In the clustering phase, the algorithm takes residual energy and location of a sensor node into consideration when grouping sensor nodes into unequal clusters. In the cluster heads routing establishment phase, probabilistic decision rule considers the residual energy of nodes and routing fitness, as well as the negative feedback of worst effects is proposed in pheromone update method. In order to accomplish this algorithm, the data structure of protocol messages and neighbor node tables is designed in the end. Simulation result shows that the UVGC-IACO protocol can accelerate the iterative convergence rate, balance and reduce the energy consumption effectively. The UVGC-IACO protocol can achieve good performance when it is applied into the slope protection and monitoring system.