Qian Mu:from Philology To Philosophy

Qian Mu was considered one of the greatest historians and philosophers in20th-century China. In his life, he concentrates and survey upon those dynasties he considers China’s most representative, such as former-Qin period, later half of Qing Dynasty and period of the republican of China. In his survey, he was left and covers total1700million words of the rich academic heritage for later generations.This paper are clearly read through Qian Mu literatures, sort out the relevant literatures and try to outline the development process of the academic thought of Qian Mu,. The process of studying and thinking of Qian Mu academic thought can be divided into three phases:First, from "Ancient Prose" change to "Philosophy", later turn to "Textual Research"(Period:from the early of the last century, teaching in primary and secondary schools until1930s taught at the university). Second, from "The Philology (Pu Xue)" turn to "Philosophy (Li Xue)"(Period:from early of the1930s taught at the university until1940s before left the mainland). Third, from "Philosophy" until his old age turn to "Zhu Xi"(Period:the late of1940s, living in Hong Kong and Taiwan unitl by the time of his death in1990).On this paper, is the study of the Qian Mu research on "Academic of Qing Dynasty", mainly on the process of scholarly research and secondly is the study of the scholars before Qing dynasty. The research is to survey and inspect a number of key points through his study and from this to explore the three phases of the development process and related issues on his academic thoughts. This papar is divided into four chapters, the following is the brief introduction of each chapter are as below:The first chapter is based on "The memorable of teachers and friends","Mo Zi", Qian Mu, compilation are the main of the study. Through Qian Mu towards the research of "Mo Zi", to explore his study from survey "Ancient Prose" change to "Philosophy", later turn to "Textual Research" that development process and reasons. Qian Mu turn on research of "Textual Research" is because during that time are popular doing "Research of Chu-tzu Hsueh". Before that, the "Research of Chu-tzu Hsiieh" is from Hu Shi "Outline of the History of Chinese Philosophy", that mention about the revolutionary model of paradigm. Qian Mu was influenced by this paradigm. He learn from the Hu Shi "Scientific Method" and Liang QiChao ideological resources, and beyond the research paradigm of Hu Shi. He construct a new research of "Research of Chu-tzu Hsiieh", and he finally with the master of "Textual Research" step into the mainstream academia in1930s.The second chapter is based on "The summary of Lun Yu","the chronogical examination and clarification of the ancient scholars before qin dynasty","The arguments of Lao Zi" and etc.of the main research. At the same time, also based on the controversy of "Lao Zi" as entry point and to explore and research the specific process and view of the causes and related issues of Qian Mu turned to "textual research". Becasue of inadequate of literatures of Qian Mu, in his early stage, presently, the academia is are basically under unknown state about the views and the formation of the Qian Mu, turned into "textual research" in his early stage. This chapter is the compilation of his related literatures and also combining the different version towards his survey, excavated which materials has been deleted by the author, further, interpretation the further meanings and replace and complete the survey. The research of "Lao Zi" of Qian Mu has two important points, first,"Lao Zi" is written after the "Zhuang Zi". Second, the Confucius did not written "Yi Zhuan". The formation of these two points of Qian Mu, is the result of development of their own studying and thinking process, and in other hand, is influenced by the variety of new and old thought, especially of the points of veiw of Liang QiChao and Hu Shi.The third chapter are based on the "National Studies","the academical history of China of the last three hundred years","Qing Confucian Scholars","History of Chinese academic Studies (8th)" and etc as points of research. Through the research and survey of Qian Mu, on the mainstream academic research system in the Qing Dynasty during thirties. Also, the differences of thinking with Liang Qichao and Hu Shi. Besides that, also survey on his second stage from the philology (Pu Xue) and the changes and related issues turned to philosophy (Li Xue). The study of Qian Mu, in Qing Dynasty academic research are focus on three main points, first, he bring out that Huang ZhongXi is the pionner of Qing Dynasty academic and not Gu YanWu. Second, he said that Jiangsu and Anhui is the same, and reevaluation of the "The textolologh of Qian-Jia (Qing-Jia Kao Ju Xue). Third, he also said that the thought of "Mei Zhuan Yi Jing (advanced in the turning)" is replace by "Scientific method-based".The forth chapter is based on Qian Mu,"History of Chinese academic studies (8th) and etc as the survey and research points. Based on read through the text, compare with the version circulated with the differences, the additions and deletions of the articles of "Forum8". From that, also survey and compare the developments and changes when his live at mainland, he constructed the Academic Thought of Qing Dynasty and the life and thoughts after Qian Mu live in Hong Kong and Taiwan. As well as in his later years, the process and related issues on his academic thought from Science to Zhu xi as the final.Above are broadly outlines of the process and the main of three stages of studying and thinking of Qian Mu. For articles written areas, is based on the lay out the combination of materials and textual analysis. Further, also derives on the Qian Mu, main compilation and the materials which unknown by people and try to restore and point out several key points to outline its developmental context. Besides that, in this articles also fulfill the demand of content to produce several appendix schedule at the back of every chapter for references. In addition, in order to facilitate the survey of the process of Qian Mu academic thoughts, I based on the survey materials to produce the "Qian Mu, Academic Chronology Appendix" which attached at the back of the articles. This appendix are based on his writting articles, the date of publication, the situation of compilation, academic activities, the process of studying and other issues to do more details of his studying. At the same time, also correting Qian Mu inappropriated charged and a number of errors in current survey, to help and adds on the survey of Qian Mu and slove the related problems.