| In recent years, the planting area of fruit trees has been enlarging increasingly with the adjustment and improvement of planting structure in the domestic agriculture. As a competitive industry of the agricultural economy development, the fruit industry plays a positive role in restructuring the whole agricultural industry and improving farmers’income. During the management process of an orchard, the growth of fruit trees and the quality of fruits are directly affected by environmental factors. The monitoring level on environment of an orchard is the most crucial technical indicator in the decision-making of the orchard production. The technology of automatic monitoring for orchard ecological environment and multi-media data of fruit trees is significant for development of the agricultural informationization and the management of agricultural modernization.This research targets at existing problems in monitoring orchard environment, such as inflexible wiring condition and few monitoring parameters. Starting with the real environment of apple orchards, based on the developing situation of agricultural monitoring technologies in the domestic and outside, this research designs a3G-based surveillance system for apple orchard environment using sensor technology, embedded technology and network communication technology. Air temperature, air humidity, soil temperature, soil moisture, solar radiation and trees’images in orchard can be monitored. The environmental data of distributed orchards have been transmitted by means of3G network which has higher bandwidth and faster transmission speed.The surveillance system is consisted of system hardware, system software and application software.The hardware of the surveillance system was divided into five parts:an ecotope sensor module, an image sensor module, a micro-controller module, a communication module and a solar electricity module. For the need of lots of monitoring parameters and digital processing for apple trees’images, Hi3510micro-controller platform that has two processing cores is used as the main processing module of the surveillance system. The Hi3510micro-controller platform has rich peripheral resource and mighty capacity to handle digital signal. For the issue of complicated wiring condition, the system applied ZigBee plus3G technology to transmit monitoring data. Environmental data from sensors are aggregated through the ZigBee technology, combined with trees’images, and sent through the3G network. The electric energy demand of surveillance system is satisfied by the solar electric system which is consisted of solar cell, accumulator and solar controller.There are three modules in the system software:a microcontroller module, a3G transmission module and a ZigBee node module, which are designed separately. Drives of hardware and peripheral units such as Bootloader program, Linux kernel and root file system are transplanted and configured by use of embedded developing technology combined with the Hi3510development kits provided by Hisilicon firm. The video stream is encoded and compressed by API interface functions of Hi3510SDK, and drives of3G module and PPP protocol are configured with a modified Linux kernel. Based on Z-stack, program for sensor and aggregation nodes is designed with IAR to implement the functions of data collection and data transmission.The application software is a query subsystem for orchard data, which can receive the environmental data from orchard surveillance system, and store the data into a database. The data can be queried by means of web. The query subsystem is developed using ASP.Net and SQL technology in Windows platform.The results prove that the system can satisfy the need of a practical application. The eco-e nvironmental data and apple trees’ images can be collected and transmitted well by using the s urveillance system. The servers in the monitoring center can save these data for a long term. B esides, data can be displayed and shared easily in the system. Through the web browser, the or chard’s environmental data can be seen, retrieved and graphically displayed. The surveillance sy stem satisfies the demand of orchard environmental monitoring and meets the design target of s ystem. This research has practical significance for orchard informatization and orchard Internet o f Things. |
