Analysis And Teaching Strategies Of German Negations Nicht And Kein And Chinese Negations Bu And Mei

Whether it is Chinese negation "bu" and "mei" or German negation "nicht" and "kein", they are one of the difficulties in studying a second language. Chinese negation "bu" and "mei" and German negation "nicht" and "kein" are both the most basic negative words. They have their respective division of labor in the process of use. Although both have crossed occasional use, but in most cases, both cannot replace each other, or the replacement will change the meaning. Learners feel trapped around on this difference. In this paper, on the basis of the predecessors study we try to understand the grammar characteristic of the Chinese negation "bu" and "mei", and also try to understand the grammar characteristic of the German negation "nicht" and "kein", and make a comparison of the two different languages. This thesis has collected from German students who are learning Chinese and from Chinese students who are learning German, error cases that confused negative adverbs. Through the on-the-spot investigation way, I designed a40item questionnaire for the Chinese students which were handing out to50students, also in the same way; I designed a40item questionnaire for the German students which were handing out to50students, too. Every request the Chinese learners have to choose between "bu" and "mei", in the same way, the German learners have to choose between "nicht" and "kein" in every request. After the survey result, this paper analyzed the quantitative statistics, the reasons of the errors, some teaching model and teaching strategies of improving measures.This paper is divided in five parts:The first chapter introduces Chinese negation "bu" and "mei" grammatical usage and characteristics, also the first chapter introduces German negation "bu" and "mei" grammatical usage and characteristics, in the end of the first chapter we see the German and Chinese negative adverbs with a brief comparison.The second chapter includes the Chinese negative adverbs "bu" and "mei" of the errors analysis of50German learners and the results of the survey, which has four types of errors. The third chapter includes the German negation "nicht" and "kein" of the errors analysis of50Chinese learners and the results of the survey, which has also four types of errors. In the end of the third chapter, we put the two results into comparison. The fourth chapter describes and analyses the reason of the errors, which is divided into inner and outer factors. The first are the inner factors, believing that the personal factor of the students, negative transfer of native language, the negative transfer of English and the target language generalization, all four factors are the cause of errors of the learners learning negation. The second are the outer factors, believing that the teaching material factors, the teacher factors and the environmental factors, all three factors are the cause of errors of the learners learning negation, too.The last chapter presents seven corresponding countermeasures to reduce or to avoid the error factors, to solve the problem by contrast within the language, for example, through the system of induction, designing situations, or through effective practices and of course rich variety of teaching methods to encourage the students, give rise to the students’ interest and enthusiasm, to achieve the purpose of students want to learn grammar. Negative word belongs to grammar and most of the grammar teaching is dull, so that is why I tried to design a few interesting games, hope to provide some reference to German and Chinese teachings.