An Analysis Of German Foreign Students In Chinese Negative Adverb“bu” And “mei”acquisition

Negative expressions are frequently used in daily life,especially the negative words “bu”and “mei”.Comparing Chinese negative words with the negative words in German,their personalities are more than commonalities.Affected by various factors such as the generalization of the target language and the negative transfer of the mother tongue,the natives who speak German as the first language often have all kinds of problems when they use the Chinese negative words “bu” and “mei” in the process of learning Chinese.First of all,the Chinese negative words “bu” and “mei” are compared with the German negative words “nicht” and “kein”,which is based on the research results of predecessor scholars and contained the academic background of the author.Then their similarities and differences are analyzed in these three dimensions,including semantics,syntactic functions and tenses.Then a questionnaire survey on the use of the negative words “bu” and “mei” by native speakers is conducted,and 116 questionnaires were returned.At the same time,the error corpus of some native speakers,who use the Chinese negative words “bu” and “mei” in daily life,are collected and sorted out.Through the analysis of the survey results and the error corpus,the types of errors are mainly divided into the misuse and the misordering of negative words,the omission and incorrect addition of “le” in “bu/mei VP le”,the incorrect addition of “ma” in positive and negative interrogative sentences,and the improper use of fixed expressions of negative words.The misuse of negative words is subdivided into four categories: negating verbs,negating adjectives,negating mid-supplement-type phrases,and when there is a time word in a sentence.The misordering of negative words often appears in mid-supplement-type phrases and special sentence patterns.This study found that the errors in the acquisition of the negative words “bu” and “mei”by native German speakers are mainly formed by the negative transfer of the mother tongue,the generalization of the target language,the variety and complexity of the usage of negative words,and the reason of teacher teaching.Finally,in order to improve the efficiency of teaching Chinese as a second language and reduce the error rate of native speakers in learning Chinese negative words,four suggestions are put forward for the teaching of negative words: strengthening the contrast teaching and systematic induction,the free translation teaching about interpretation of the overall meaning of the fixed structure with negative words,classroom situational teaching design and according to students’ ability and targeted special exercises.