| Aims To investigate the work status of male nurses, analyze the influencing factors and probe the relationship between emotional labor,emotional exhaustion and turnover intention with emotional labor scale,emotional exhaustion scale and Turnover intention scale.The results of this research can help to improve the male nurses’work status, to perform active emotional labor,to decrease emotional exhaustion and turnover rates,to improve nursing quantity, and to develop a balanced,stable,high-quality nursing team;Besides, some theory evidence can give to human resources manager.Methods 200 male nurses were selected by convenience sampling from two third-grade and first-class teaching hospital in Jining (Jining First People’s Hospital and Affilicated Hospital of Jining Medical Colledge). Qestionquire of emotional labor scale,emotional exhaustion scale and Turnover intention scale were used to investigate the work status and the basic data were aquired by self-designed questionaire.The data were input and analysized by Spss 13.0, the quantitative data were described with frenquency and percent and qualitative data were described with mean value and standard deviation; internal consistency and reliability were evaluated by Cronbach’s a; One-way ANOVA were used to find out the influence on emotional labor, emotional exhaustion and turnover intention by demographic variables; Simple Pearson correlation was used to analysize the correlation between emotional labor, emotional exhaustion and turnover intention.Results1.Descriptive Statistics of Basic Data(1) Demographic Statistics of Male NursesFrom the distribution of age, the research objects were focused on younger person aged 20-30 supported by 70(38.9%) in aged 20-25; 91(50.6%) in aged 26-30; 17(9.1%) in aged 31-35; 1(0.6%) in aged 36-40; 1(0.6%) person older than 41 years old.From the distribution of ecucational level, the reseach objects were mostly graduated with associated degree an baccularate degree,which were showed by 85(47.2%) with associated degree; 93(51.7%) with baccularate degree; only 1(0.6%) graduated with diploma and 1(0.6%) graduated with master degree.From the distribution of working department, male nurses work mostly in intensive unit, surgical room;emergency department, which were same with the results of other male nurses’research.On the working age, most male nurses were less than 5 years, for example, 33(18.3%) persons became a nurse for less than 1 year; 59(32.8%) persons for 1-3 year;51(28.3%) for 3-5 years; and only 29(16.1%) persons for 5-10 years; 8 (4.4%) persons for more than 10 years.Besides, most male nures work as a normal nurse, only 4.4% were head nurse,1 was associate director.(2) Work Status of Male NursesNight shift of most male nurses≥1/week;The salary of More than half male nurses were>3000 rmb. On the anxiety of work loss,30.6% were worried about it; 20.6% had no anxiety; 48.8% had no attitude on that.(3) Professional self-identity of male nurse41(22.8%) selected to be a nurse because of love,94(52.2%) were because of making a living,18(10%) were inflenced by relatives,27(15%) had other reasons. Overall, to make a living was the main reason to be a nurse for male nurses.The investigation for the relatives showed that 51.7% supported to be a male nurse.On the aspects of confidence, more than a half had faith on the job. Satisfaction of salary, 39(21.7%) were satisfied with it,45(25%) were dissatisfied, and 96(53.3%) had no attitude about that. On the view of professional respect,21.1% considered to be nurse had respect,30.6% considered to be no respect,48.3% had no mentioned about it. On the satisfaction of job circumstance, there were 60.0% who had no attitude on that. Mostly, nursing had great risk on the view of 81.1% of male nurse.2. Scores of emotional labor, emotional exhaustion and turnover intentionThe scores of dimention on emotional labor were 3.39±0.93 in surface acting,3.81±0.96 in emotional expression,4.75±0.96 in deep acting,3.80±0.72 in emotional labor. The emotional labor was to be judged as middle level based on 6-grade evaluation. From high to low on the scores of different dimentions were respectively deep acting, emotional expression, surface acting.The total scores of emotional exhaustion scale were 20.02±11.77, that was statistic lower than normal values.The total scores of turnover intention scale and scores on different dimentions were all in a lower level based on 4-grade evaluation of Li Jingyuan and Li Dongrong. The scores from higher to lower were respectively third turnover intention, second turnover intention and first turnover intention.3. One-way ANOVA analysise on demographic data and emotional labor,emotional exhaustion and turnover intentionTo analysize the difference between demographic data and emotional labor, emotional exhaustion and turnover intention. (1) There were statistic difference between work risk and total scores of emotional labor (P<0.05), The total scores of emotional labor were higher in male nurses with high work risk, meanwhile,lower with low work risk;on the dimentions of emotional labor scale,there were statistic higher scores in dimention of deep acting with high work risk.There were statistic difference between work risk and total scores of emotional exhaustion (P<0.05).The scores of emotional exhaustion scale were higher in male nurses who considered nursing as a low risk job. The results of analysize on considered work risk and turnover intention were same. The difference were obvious between third turnover intention, showed lower scores in male nurses considered higher work risk.(2) There were statistic difference between scores of emotional labor scale and worries about job loss (P<0.05).The scores were higher in male nurses with no worries, and lower in male nurses with no attitudes; On the different dimentions, surface acting and deep acting all had statistic difference, higher scores were found out in male nurses with no worries about job loss, lower scores in male nurses with no attitudes.(3) There were statistic difference between deep acting of emotional labor and attitudes of families on job (P<0.05).The male nurses with support from families had higher scores in deep acting dimention, lower scores were in male nurses with no support from families. There were obvious statistic difference between scores of emotional exhaustion scale and attitudes of families on job (P<0.01),Male nurses with families’ support had lower emotional exhaustion, and higher emotional exhaustion with no families’support. The total scores of turnover intention scale and scores of first and second dimentions had statistic difference with families’attitude.The male nurses with high families’support had lower turnover intention, higher turnover intention were found out in male nurses with no families’support.(4)The total scores of turnover intention and scores of first, third dimention had obviously statistic difference with satisfaction with salary (P<0.01),and statistic difference between scores of second dimention and satisfaction with salary (P<0.05).Male nurses with salary’s satisfaction had lower turnover intention, and higher turnover intention were found in male nurses without salary’s satisfaction.(5)There were statistic difference between scores of surface acting dimention in emotional labor scale and job love or not (P<0.05).The scores were higher in male nurses who didn’t like this job,and lower in male nurses who love the job. There were obviously statistic difference between scores of emotional exhaustion scale and job love or not (P<0.01).Male nurses who didn’t like this job had higher emotional exhaustion, and lower emotional exhaustion were found in those who like this job. The obviously statistic difference was also found between scores of turnover intention and job love or not (P<0.01),especially in first and second dimention (P<0.01).Higher scores were found in male nurses who didn’t like the job,and lower scores were in those who like the job.(6) There were obviously statistic difference between scores of emotional exhaustion scale and job confidence (P<0.01).Male nurses who had confidence in nursing had lower emotional exhaustion, and higher emotional exhaustion were found in those who had no confidence in nursing.The obviously statistic difference were also found between scores of turnover intention scale,first and second dimentions, and job confidence (P<0.01),higher scores were in male nurses who had no confidence,and lower scores were in those who had confidence.(7)There were statistics difference when comparied scores of surface acting dimention in emotional labor scale with considered job respected or not (P<0.05). Higher scores were in male nurses who considered nursing respected,and lower scores were in male nurses who had no attitude on that. When comparied total scores of turnover intention scale and second dimention with considered job respected or not,statistic difference also could be found (P<0.05).Meanwhile obviously statistic difference were found when compared scores of third dimention in turnover intention scale with considered nursing respected or not (P<0.01), Male nurses who considered nursing respected had lower scores of turnover intention scale,and the highest scores were found in second dimention of turnover intention scale in male nurses who considered nursing unrespected,lower scores were in those who has no attitude on it.(8)When compared emotional exhaustion with satisfied with job or not,statistic difference were found(P<0.05).Higher scores were in male nurses who dissatisfied with nursing,and lower scores were in those who satisfied with nursing.There were obviously statistic difference when comparied scores of turnover intention and first,second dimention with satisfied with job or not (P<0.01), higher scores were in male nurses who dissatisfied with nursing, and lower scores were in those who satisfied with the job.(9)When comparied job age with emotional exhaustion, obviously statistic difference were found (P<0.01).The highest scores were in male nurses whose nursing age last for 3-5 years, and the lowest scores were in those being a nurse less than one year.(10)There were statistic difference when comparied emotional exhaustion with different job position, high position had high scores.(11)Night shifts more than 1 had statistically higher scores in emotional exhaustion scale,and statistically lower scores were in male nurses who had no night shift.(12) Male nurses who selected nursing because of love had statistically significantly highest scores in deep acting dimention of emotional labor scale (P<0.01).Male nurses who selected nursing because of parents’pressure had statistically significantly higher scores, and lower scores were in those selected nursing because of love.4.Pearson correlation between emotional labor, emotional exhaustion and turnover intentionThere were positive correlation in emotional labor and emotional exhaustion, and positive correlation were also found in surface acting dimention and emotional exhaustion, emotional express dimention and emotional exhaustion. Negative correlation were found in deep acting dimention of emotional labor and total scores of turnover intention scale. first, second and third dimention of turnover intention were also significantly negative correlation.Positive correlation were also found in total scores of emotional exhaustion and turnover intention, the result were same in total scores of emotional exhaustion and first,second dimention of turnover dimention.Conclusions:(1)Male nurses had the characteristics of younger age, short nursing age,low nursing position,frenquency night shift,high job risk,unsatisfied with nursing and lower sef-identity.(2)Emotional labor of male nurses were in middle level, strategy of deep acting to express emotion in nursing were usually used; Extent of emotional exhaustion in male nurses were lower than normal values;The turnover intention of male nurses were in lower level.(3):The demographic data, working status and professional self-identity of male nurses could influence emotional labor,emotional exhaustion and turnover intention.The influencing factor of emotional labor were worries about job loss,work risk, parents’attitude on nursing, considered nursing respected, love nursing,reason for selecting nursing.The influencing factor of turnover intention were professional self-identity,parents’attitude on nursing, satisfied with salary, confidence on job, job respected, satisfied with nursing, love job or not, work risk.The influencing factor of emotional exhaustion in male nurses were nursing age,nursing position,night shift,professional self-identity,reason of selected nursing, families attitude on nursing, confidence in job, work risk,satisfied with nursing,love job or not.(4)Emotional labor,emotional exhaustion and turnover intention of male nurses, each other had correlations. |
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