The Personal Influential Factors Of The Strategies Of The Emotional Labor About Nurses

Objective:to analyse the present situation of the strategies of the emotional labor in nurses,study the personal influential factors of the strategies of the emotional labor, and propose effective measures to improve the present situation.Nursing administrators may use the findings of this study as a guideline for taking effective measures to ease nurses' burnout,improve the quality of the nursing service and make the patients more satisfied with nursing service.Methods:486 subjects were obtained from Qilu hospital of Shandong University, Qianfoshan Hospital and Shandong Provincial Hospitalby by group random sampling method.Research instruments used in this study has seven parts,including emotional labor scale,emotional intelligence scale,general self-efficacy scale,positive affect and negative affect scale,trait coping style questionnaire,Eysenck personality questionnaire and demographic questionnaire.All the data were analyzed by SPSS version 11.5.Results:1.Dealing with emotional labor,the strategy employed by the nurses most was natural acting,then was deep acting and the last was surface acting.2.By diversity test,the author found that the strategies of the emotional labor had significant differences in different length of service and different titles.The natural acting score of the nurses with longer working time and with advanced title were separately higher than the nurses with shorter working time and with low title.The surface acting score of the nurses first ascends but then decends as the working time prolonged.3.There was not significant different between the nurses and the nursing students on emotional intelligence score.Rank diversity analysis indicated that different levels of emotional intelligence,the nurses' natural acting score and deep acting score were significantly different(F=23.968,P＜0.001;F=12.968,P＜0.001);By correlation analysis,we testified that emotional intelligence had significant positive relationship with natural acting and deep acting(r=0.356,P＜0.01;r＝0.293,P＜0.01).4.The nurses' perceived self-efficacy score was higher than domestic model,and rank diversity analysis indicated that different levels of perceived self-efficacy,the nurses' natural acting score and deep acting score were significantly different(F= 9.292,P＜0.001;F＝3.340,P＜0.05);By correlation analysis,we testified that perceived self-efficacy had significant positive relationship with natural acting and deep acting(r=0.205,P＜0.01;r=0.164,P＜0.01);5.The nurses' positive coping score was higher than domestic model,while the negative coping score was lower.Rank diversity analysis indicated that different levels of positive coping style,the nurses' natural acting score and deep acting score were significantly different(F=3.641,P＜0.05;F=3.088,P＜0.05),different levels of negtive coping style,the nurses' surface acting score and deep acting score were significantly different(F=3.255,P＜0.05;F=3.340,P＜0.05);By correlation analysis,we testified that positive coping style had weak positive relationship with natural acting and deep acting(r=0.121,P＜0.05;r=0.106,P＜0.05),but negative coping style had significant positive relationship with surface acting(r=0.151,P＜0.01),while had significant negative relationship with deep acting(r=-0.136,P＜0.01).6.The nurses' positive affect score was lower than domestic model,while the negative affect score was higher.Rank diversity analysis indicated that different levels of positive affect,the nurses' deep acting score was significantly different(F= 3.255,P＜0.05);different levels of negative affect,the nurses' natural acting score, surface acting score and deep acting score were significantly different(F=5.129,P＜0.01;F=5.238,P＜0.01;F=3.879,P＜0.05);By correlation analysis,we testified that positive affect had significant positive relationship with deep acting(r= 0.150,P＜0.01),but negative affect had significant negative relationship with natural acting and deep acting(r=0.173,P＜0.01;r=-0.113,P＜0.01),while had significant positive relationship with surface acting(r=0.167,P＜0.01).7.The nurses' Neuroticism and Psychoticim scores were lower than domestic model,while the Extroversion and Lie score was higher.Rank diversity analysis indicated that different levels of Neuroticism,the nurses' natural acting score and deep acting score were significantly different(F=11.443,P＜0.001;F=4.287,P＜0.05),different levels of Psychoticim,the nurses' natural acting score and deep acting score were significantly different(F=5.210,P＜0.01;F=5.940,P＜0.01), different levels of lie,the nurses' natural acting score,surface acting score and deep acting score were significantly different(F=24.194,P＜0.001;F=15.585,P＜0.001;F=3.911,P＜0.05).By correlation analysis,we testified that Neuroticism and Psychoticim all had significant negative relationship with natural acting(r=-0.283,P＜0.01;r=-0.188,P＜0.01),and all had significant positive relationship with surface acting(r＝0.200,P＜0.01;r=0.165,P＜0.01),Lie had significant positive relationship with natural acting(r=0.337,P＜0.01),had significant negative relationship with surface acting(r＝-0.291,P＜0.01),while had weak positive relationship with natural acting and deep acting(r＝0.113,P＜0.05)。8.Regression analysis indicated that emotional intelligence,lie and Neuroticism were important predictors for natural acting(R~2 =0.199),lie was an important predictors for surface acting(R~2 =0.085),and emotional intelligence was an important predictors for deep acting(R~2=0.086)。Conclusions:1.Dealing with emotional labor,the strategy nurses employed most was natural acting,then was deep acting and the last was surface acting.2.The working time and title could influence natural acting,and the working time could influence surface acting. 3.Nurses'emotional intelligence could influence the strategies of the emotional labor,especially in the natural acting and deep acting.4.Perceived self-efficacy could influence natural acting and deep acting.5.Coping style could influence the strategies of the emotional labor.Positive coping style could influence natural acting and deep acting,while negative coping style could influence surface acting and deep acting.6.Emotion trait was one of the personal influencial factors of the strategies of the emotional labor.Positive affect could influence deep acting,but negative affect could influence the three strategies.7.Personnal trait could influence the strategies of the emotional labor. Neuroticism and psychoticim could influence the natural acting and surface acting, while Lie could influence the three strategies.