| A traditional settlement is a kind of cultural landscape, a developing and living legacy of history with important study value in history, culture, art, science and society.In the tide of modernization, a lot of traditional settlement were heavily impacted in both cultural and material field, the original characteristic has been destroyed, features of history is fading slowly. Landscapes of those traditional settlement were assimilate by cities or settlements in other regions, which made them lack of regional characteristics and the connotation of culture and history. In this context, researches on traditional settlements is imminent. The article will study on the landscape characteristics of traditional settlements, to clarify the commonness and speciality of regional settlement landscapes, aiming to provide some theory evidences for traditional settlement protection and development. The article has chosen eight traditional settlements in southwest Shi’qian which located in the northeast of Guizhou province, has a long history as economical less-developed region. The unique natural environment and cultural background has made the traditional settlements their unique characteristics. Besides, this place haven’t been researched so much.The first chapter of this article have introduced the background, meaning, subject,method and structure of this research. And defined related notions. Then from the view of cultural landscape, the landscape of settlements were deconstructed into three parts:overall settlement landscape characteristic, living space landscape characteristic and non material landscape. The second chapter has analyzed the characteristics of settlement landscape through site selection, landscape environment, natural vegetation, farmland landscape and overall layout. The third chapter has researched the characteristics of living space trough analysis of landscape element like scale and density, layout, boundary,building, roadway, landmark and other structures and color perception. The fourth chapter researched non material landscape characteristics through history, life style,religious faith and aesthetic standards. A thorough inquiry was made in the fifth chapter to research the internal driving mechanism based on the researches above.As a result of the research, there were four overall characteristics of the landscapes in traditional settlements of southwest Shiqian: the settlement were located in mountains,facing south. The vegetation outside is evergreen and deciduous mixed forest, and vegetation inside grew freely, haven’t been pruned. terraced fields are magnificent, the traditional mode of production is still in use. The structure landscape are in a small scaleand high density, structures are arranged in parallel along the mountain contour,building Chuan Dou-style wooden structure; houses the main building plus a combination of side wing hanging feet;alleyways are narrow and deep, the total coloration is simple and decorous. As for the non material landscape characteristics, the settlement were deeply affected by the agnationm traditional costumes are vanished from daily life, a deep impression of the Confucianism, a lot of intangible cultural heritage, people have a simple life, the aesthetic standards are natural, and there are plenty of historical legends.The natural factors of the traditional settlement landscape characteristics are: life style and material landscape were affected by the environment, the construction of traditional settlement and the formation of non material landscape were brought by land settlement policies. The developed transportation have flourished the material landscape of those settlements, and the stagnation of transportation have kept the style and features of those settlements. Structure style, life style and custom were affected by the multiculture. |
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