| China has a long history of agricultural civilization,traditional villages are gradually formed in the long-term inheritance of agricultural civilization,its protection and development has entered a critical historical period.The traditional villages in Hainan island are influenced by the natural factors such as geography,climate and environment,and the human factors such as population migration,cultural accumulation,economic and social development level.The characteristics of regional differentiation are significant.Therefore,it is of great theoretical and practical significance to protect the regional and ethnic elements and their historical culture.At present,the research on Hainan villages mainly focuses on the settlement and architectural spatial form,and there are few research achievements on the regional landscape characteristics of the overall living environment of regional traditional villages and the protection of material and non-material cultural landscape.Therefore,according to the strategic goal of national rural revitalization,combined with the practical planning problems of traditional village protection and beautiful rural construction,this paper takes the settlements selected in the list of "Chinese traditional villages" in Hainan island as the research object,carries out the regional scientific research according to the traditional village genealogy of Han nationality immigrant areas and Li nationality areas,and analyzes the landscape characteristics from the perspectives of natural landscape,material cultural landscape and non-material cultural landscape.Then,it focuses on the analysis of the distribution of traditional villages in Hainan,which are dominated by immigrants and influenced by the traditional culture of the Central Plains,and the regional hydrological landscape characteristics formed by their passive adaptation and active use of the environment.And it explains the adaptive spatial pattern of the traditional villages in Hainan from the perspective of the regional comprehensive landscape system and summarizes hydrological landscape characteristics and traditional ecological wisdom.Finally,the integrated protection strategies are put forward various strategies for the integrated protection and development of traditional villages in Hainan.The research results can provide practical reference for the evaluation of regional landscape characteristics and cultural landscape protection of traditional villages in Hainan island.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)This paper makes clear the method of landscape feature evaluation according to the classification of pedigree and traditional village;(2)Based on the respect for nature,the traditional villages in Li nationality area form flexible,free and organic spatial layout,the harmony and unity of artificial environment and intangible heritage such as nature and architecture,and the unique regional and national characteristics;(3)This paper analyzes that the traditional villages of the Han nationality are influenced by the culture and natural factors of the immigrants in the Central Plains.The spatial layout of the settlements is mainly based on the natural factors,and is linked by the blood relationship.The architectural layout is "comb layout".The overall settlements are distributed in double circles.The settlements and the settlements are distributed in the form of forest plates,with collective intangible heritage landscape;(4)The traditional villages of Han nationality have special landscape hydrological characteristics.In the process of passive adaptation of defense and prevention needs and active utilization of water and hydrophilic needs,the landscape spatial structure characteristics of "double circle" enclosure,the spatial unit characteristics of settlements formed by overall design and informal institutional governance,the dual water cycle balance characteristics of natural and artificial formation and unique water landscape have been formed historically Cultural characteristics.(5)Through the case study to verify the feature evaluation method of factor classification,this paper puts forward the strategies of regional space development,human settlement environment form,historical and cultural origin,regional context characteristics and rural social rejuvenation,and explores the overall protection and utilization way of "centralization into pieces". |
