Research Of Energy-efficient Routing Technology For Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless sensor network consists of lots of cheap micro-sensor nodes located in thedeployment area via self-organizing connection. It is able to perceive, collect and processvarious environmental information in time, and then forward to the interested observer. It hasalso wide application prospect and huge development potential.Routing addressing technology is responsible to find optimal path from source todestination, as a core technology of application layer in network system architecture protocols,which is crucial to the whole network performance, especially for energy-constrained wirelesssensor network. For this reason, this paper puts forward an effective solution to solve theirexisting problems after researching and summarizing the present routing protocols forwireless sensor network. The main work of full text and research content is as follow.First, in this paper, it is a brief overview of wireless sensor networks, including its basicconception, protocol stack, characteristic and so on. And then, it lists some classical flatrouting protocols and hierarchical routing protocols or cluster-based routing protocols in thewireless sensor network in accordance with its structure. Meanwhile, this paper analyzes thebasic operation principle and design features of these routing protocols, and points out theiradvantage and deficiency. In comparison with flat routing protocols, the hierarchical routingprotocols can effectively save the network energy, rapidly respond to systematic changes,own well extendibility to network, and have a far wider range of uses.Second, in view of the advantages of hierarchical routing protocols and considering theexisting problems of cluster-based routing protocols, such as uneven distribution ofcluster-head nodes, spending too much overhead to form cluster structure and "hot spot"problem, this paper proposes a kind of energy-balanced unequal layered routing protocol(EBULRP), which takes the network topological structure into account to improve threeaspects of the cluster-head selection, cluster formation and data transmission in cluster-basedprotocols. This protocol utilizes the method of combination of centralized control and partialcompetition to select cluster-head nodes. Base station calculates the width of each layer andthe position of ideal cluster-head nodes through assuming that energy dissipation of allcluster-head nodes in the network is approximately equal. Common nodes compete withothers for cluster-head nodes by using the distance from themselves to ideal cluster-head nodes. Through this way, it can establish an unequal layered width of network clusteredstructure, and achieve to solve "hot spot" problem from design, which is caused by somecluster-head nodes nearer the base station resulting in energy consumption too fast orpremature death. Simultaneously, it can make the clusters in network distribute uniformly andreduce the energy consumption to form cluster structure. In addition, the new routing protocoluses the multi-hop way among layers to simplify the data forwarding process, and adopts thecross-layer communication mechanism to further prolong the network lifetime.Third, simulation experiment is used to analyze the comprehensive performance betweenEBULRP and representative cluster-based routing protocols, such as LEACH and EEUC.Simulation results indicate that EBULRP has a good performance in terms of balancingnetwork consumption, energy efficiency and network lifetime. Finally, this paper gives theconclusion of full text and shows the direction of the further research in the future.