Research On Routing Protocol For Energy Consumption Balance Of Underwater Sensor Network

With the rapid development of the Internet of Things,as part of the Internet of Things applications,Underwater Sensor Networks have extremely high research value in the fields of marine exploration and water environment monitoring applications.Due to the complex underwater environment and limited sensor nodes,underwater charging is extremely difficult.Therefore,reducing the energy consumption of underwater sensor networks and improving network transmission efficiency have become key issues.The routing protocol determines the path to be followed by a data packet.A good routing protocol can not only reduce network energy consumption,improve network efficiency,but also enhance the reliability of data transmission.Therefore,it is extremely important to design efficient routing protocols for underwater sensor networks.This paper focuses on the energy consumption balance and "hot spots" in the underwater sensor network routing protocol.Based on the systematic research of the underwater sensor network routing protocol technology,the corresponding underwater sensor network routing protocol is designed from two perspectives The specific research content is as follows:(1)Aiming at the problems of unbalanced energy consumption of DBR protocol,high data transmission delay and low throughput,a multi-objective optimization opportunity routing MOO-BA(Multi-objective Optimization Opportunistic routing based on Bat Algorithm)is proposed.MOO-BA routing is based on the DBR protocol,in addition to considering the depth,the remaining energy of the node is also considered.Considering the depth and residual energy comprehensively,the next-hop node selection function,Dynamic Life Estimate,is designed to effectively reduce the problem that the energy consumption of the nodes with shallow depth in the local area due to excessive forwarding of data packets is exhausted in advance.Then,the improved bat algorithm BA(Bat Algorithm)is used to further optimize the initial path.By introducing optimization factors,the algorithm convergence accuracy is improved to achieve a balance between the algorithm's global search ability and local search ability.Finally,the fitness function is constructed by combining the two factors of transfer ratio and delay.The goal is to establish an optimized path with minimum delay and maximum transfer ratio to reduce delay and increase throughput.(2)In view of the "hot spots" in DB-EBH and EECPPA,on the basis of the original uniform layered clustering,an unequal layered clustering underwater sensor network energy-saving routing ECRBUL(Energy-saving Clustering Routing Based on UnequalLayering).ECRBUL first uses the unequal layering model for layering,and then clusters by a cluster head competition radius function that comprehensively considers node depth and node density,which greatly eases the problem of "hot spots" caused by excessive energy consumption by upper nodes.At the same time,a new cluster head selection mechanism based on energy balance,node depth and node density is given to make the cluster head distribution more reasonable and uniform,and further optimize the network structure.Finally,during the transmission phase,ECRBUL proposed a new and improved method to incorporate the forwarding ratio into the consideration of the next hop sending node to improve the transmission reliability.This paper mainly uses MATLAB to simulate the above two improved routing protocols,and proves the feasibility of the two routing protocols through simulation experiments.According to simulation experiments,the first improved protocol can effectively balance energy consumption,reduce end-to-end delay,and improve throughput;the second improved protocol can effectively solve the network "hot spot" problem,increase the network life cycle,and improve data packet delivery Rate and enhance data transmission reliability.