| In recent years, Internet of things technology has been booming, and wireless sensor network(WSN), as one of the main technology of the underlying network of The Internet of things, has been concerned with the study of many experts and scholars at home and abroad. Since WSN has the characteristics of low cost, low power consumption and a large area of distribution, it has a very high application value in security monitoring, warehousing, the military, environmental monitoring, medical care and other areas. But wireless sensor networks are limited in energy, computing power, communication capabilities, we need to adopt energy efficient routing protocol to achieve efficient data transmission and reduce consumption of the system. This paper researches WSN routing protocols firstly, On account of the shortcomings in cluster formation and data transmission of EDCS algorithm and ESEP algorithm, we proposed Unequal Clustering and Multi-hop Routing Protocol of Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Network, HUCM.The author's main study work and achievement is as follows:1. Contrasted and analyzed several typical plane routing protocol and hierarchical routing protocol, and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of these protocols;2. Analyzed the EDCS algorithm and ESEP algorithm in detail, the simulation results showed that:(1) EDCS algorithm had some advance in scalability and election of cluster heads, but it also existed some problems: cluster size was uncertain, these features increased the network energy consumption and made the network failure soon;(2) ESEP algorithm was applicable to three heterogeneous network, it did not consider the residual energy of the node in the election of cluster heads, in the formation of clusters and data transmission are still insufficient as well as EDCS algorithm;3. Aiming at the defects of EDCS algorithm and ESEP algorithm, we proposed HUCM algorithm:(1) selection of the cluster head- improved threshold T(n), considered node residual energy and energy variance, to make the probability of cluster heads near the sink area is relatively higher;(2) Calculated the distance between node and sink node, to make the number of cluster heads is relatively larger when closer to the sink node to undertake the data transmission, balance the energy of entire network;(3) data transmission – using single-hop transmission within the clusters and multi-hop transmission between clusters, to reduce the energy brought by single-hop transmission when the cluster head was too far from the sink node;4. Using MATLAB software established the simulation platform, to compare with EDCS algorithm and ESEP algorithm in three aspects, the life cycle of network nodes, energy consumption of the network, and the amount of data received by the sink node. Firstly analyzed the average energy consumption of each round of different proportion of cluster heads, determined the best ratio of cluster head, secondly applied EDCS algorithm and HUCM algorithm to a homogeneous network and secondary heterogeneous network to simulate, researched the influence of heterogeneous parameters m and a, finally applied ESEP algorithm and HUCM algorithm in three heterogeneous network to simulate. The results showed that: HUCM algorithm could effectively extend network lifetime and improve energy efficiency. In homogeneous wireless sensor networks the lifetime of HUCM algorithm extended about 30% than EDCS algorithm, the data Sink node received of HUCM algorithm was more 27% than EDCS algorithm; in two level heterogeneous wireless sensor networks the lifetime of HUCM algorithm extended about 15% than EDCS algorithm, the data Sink node received of HUCM algorithm was more 21% than EDCS algorithm; in three level heterogeneous wireless sensor networks the stable time of HUCM algorithm extended more about 36% than ESEP algorithm and extended more about 18% than EDCS algorithm, the data Sink node received of HUCM algorithm was more about 37% than ESEP algorithm and more about 15% than EDCS algorithm. |
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