Research Of Cluster Routing Protocol For Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks(WSN) consist largely of sensor nodes in monitoring area via wireless connections. Energy of sensor node is provided by battery and its energy is limited. Therefore, Making full use of energy of sensor node is the prime aim in designing WSN. The energy of sensor node can be saved by designing a effective routing protocol used in WSN and improving its protocol's performance to reduce the calculated amount and communication traffic. Consequently, the lifetime of WSN will be prolonged.In this paper, firstly, it introduces briefly structure of WSN system and WSN protocol stacks and composition of sensor node. Secondly, the routing protocols for WSN are classified and analyzed, some typical routing protocols are specifically introduced and compared. Lastly, EEUC(Energy Efficient Clustering Scheme) is introduced, and the working principle and operation mechanism of EEUC protocol are analyzed, This paper proposes an unequal clustering routing algorithm based on time(UCRT) and another equal clustering hybrid routing algorithm based on time(ECHT).From the angle of unequal clustering, UCRT is proposed, As for the problem of EEUC protocol consuming a lot of energy of network when selecting cluster heads, UCRT proposes that sensor node broadcasts the message of node becoming cluster head at its electing cluster head time, this time is inversely proportional to its residual energy and broadcasting radius is its competition radius in cluster head selection stage. When sensor node receives this message, it dropped out of election. In clustering process stage, each ordinary node selects a cluster to join according to the signal strength.From the angle of equal clustering, ECHT is proposed, it makes use of the cluster head election mechanism of UCRT. In the inter-cluster communication stage, each cluster head selects signal hop or multi-hop route to transmit data to the base station according forwarding cost function. Source node selects the next hop cluster head not only considering its remaining power and the distances between them, but also considering remaining power of the next hop cluster head and the distance between it and base station. From these improves, balances the loading of nodes and prolongs the lifetime of network.At last, we simulate the UCRT and ECHT routing protocol and analyse the results. Simulation results show that UCRT and ECHT exceed EEUC in saving the network's energy and prolonging the network's lifetime.