Differences Of Job Burnout And Quality Of Life Between Male And Female Nurses:a Cross Sectional Study

ObjectiveTo to understand the differences of influencing factors between male and female nurses, and to explore the relationship of quality of life and job burnout of nurses. To supply theory bases for hospital manager to make strategies to reduce nurses’ burnout, improve quality of life and reduce the turnover rate according to the differences of male and female nurses.MethodsThe study is a quantitative research design and was a descriptive, cross-sectional study. Cluster sampling were used to select200male nurses and matched them with female nurses in age, educational level, working department, designation, and marital status from two Grade-A Class-three teaching hospital in Jining(The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College;The Jining First People Hospital). two instruments of MBI and wHoQOL—BREF were used,and to collect demographics data by self-designed questionaire. The results were analyzed with using SPSS13.0software. The categorical data were described using frequencies and percentages. Mean values and standard deviations (SD) were used to describe continuous data. Internal consistency was evaluated by computing Cronbach’s a. Differences in percentages for categorical variables were tested with chi-square, and the differences in mean values for continuous variables were tested using Student’s t-test. A stepwise linear regression analysis was used to create models to explain the influencing factors on dependent variables. A bivariate Pearson correlation analysis was employed to explore the correlation-ship among the scores of subscales of QOL and job burnout.Results1.status of job burnout of male and female nurses For all of the participants, there were166(44.4%) nurses who perceived severe burnout on EE, while118(31.6%) nurses who reported severe burnout on DP, and226(60.4%) nurses who perceived severe burnout on PA subscale when compared the percentages, more male nurses reported severe burnout on DP while more female nurses reported low burnout on DP (Chi-square=10.962, p=.004)(1)According to the categorization of the burnout, both male and female nurses were categorized as moderate burnout on EE.The mean scores of emotional exhaustion (EE) subscale were23.14(SD=11.01) and25.19(SD=9.86) for male and female nurses respectively, the difference was marginally non-significant (t-value=-1.895, P=0.059).(2) The mean scores of the depersonalization (DP) subscale were8.38(SD=6.67) and6.25(SD=5.39) for male and female nurses, and the score of female nurses was statistically lower than male nurses on DP, although both male and female nurses perceived moderate burnout on DP (normative range6-9)(t-value=3.367, P=0.001).(3)The mean scores of personal accomplishment (PA) subscale were29.64(SD=10.16) and31.27(SD=8.91) for male and female nurses respectively, which indicated that both male and female nurses perceived severe burnout on PA. The difference between male and female nurses was not significant (t-value=-1.654, P=0.099).;2.Linear regression analysis with dependent variables of the scores of MBI subscales and the independent variables of demographic characteristics revealed that:There were differences on the predictors of MBI of male and female nurses,and female nurses had more predictors than male nurses.3.status of QOL of male and female nursesMost of the nurses rated their global quality of life as moderate or good for both male and female nurses. Moreover, more than60%of nurses were moderately satisfied or satisfied with their global health. For the item of overall mark of quality of life, their marks were higher than the calculated scores of each domain for both male and female nurses, mean score was81.07and SD was11.71for the male, and mean score was 78.77and SD=12.27for the female, respectively, and there was no significant difference between male and female nurses.(1) subscale of physical health:The mean score of subscale of physical health of male nurses(mean score was61.74and SD=11.55) was statistically significantly higher than the score of female nurses(mean score was57.82and SD=13.13)(t-value=3.049, P=.002).(2) subscale of psychological health:The mean score of subscale of psychological health of male nurses(mean score was59.01and SD=13.87) was comparable to the score of female nurses(mean score was56.36and SD=14.6)(t-value=1.819, P=.070).(3) subscale of social relationship:The mean score of social relationship domain was the highest among four domains for both male and female nurses, and the mean score of male nurses(mean score was67.74and SD=14.26) was comparable to the score of female nurses(mean score was62.32and SD=12.67)(t-value=1.739, P=.083).(4)subscale of environment:The mean score environment domain was the lowest among four domains for both male and female nurses, and the mean score of male nurses (mean score was44.41and SD=14.88) was not statistically significantly lower than the score of female nurses(mean score was45.96and SD=14.27)(t-value=-1.031, P=.303)4.Linear regression analysis with dependent variables of the scores of QOL subscales and the independent variables of demographic characteristics revealed that:There were differences on the predictors of QOL of male and female nurses;The predictors of female nurses on subscale of physical health,subscale of psychological health,subscale of environment and overall mark were more than male nurses; however, there were more predictors on subscale of social relationship for male nurses than female nurses.5. Correlation of outcome variables of QOL and MBIThe bivariate Pearson correlation analysis of QOL and MBI outcome variables revealed that emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were negatively correlated to their personal accomplishment of MBI and four domains and overall mark of quality of life for both male and female nurses. Nurses’ personal accomplishment was significantly negatively correlated to their emotional exhaustion and depersonalization of MBI, and significantly positively correlated to four domains and overall mark of quality of life for female nurses, while the correlation-ships were not statistically significant for male nursesConclusion:l.The nurses had low-level professional self-identity, The nurses had severe job burnout), sleep insufficiency and perceived high work risk.2.Both male and female nurses had moderate or severe burnout.The difference of burnout on EE and PA for male and female nurses was non-significant;However, the male nurses had more severe burnout on DP than female nurses.3.Most of the nurses rated their global quality of life as moderate or good for both male and female nurses,and physical health of male nurses was statistically significantly higher than female nurses.4."love nursing" was the common predictors of job burnout and QOL for male and female nurses.5.There was significant correlation between job burnout and QOL for male nurses and female nurses.