Research And Application Of LEACH Routing Algorithm For Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless sensor network is a comprehensive information acquisition and processingtechnology of new disciplines,which includes sensors,enbeded computers, networks andwireless communication technologies.It widely used in the field of disaster rescue,environmental monitoring, emergency search,military,medical,and industrial, commercialhome network.Because wireless sensor network hardware resources,power supply capacityis limited，and many other features. Therefore,the design of a robust energy-efficientwireless routing algorithm is one of the focuses of research.This paper first introduces the conceptsthe of wireless sensor network and thecharacteristics,descirbe the routing algorithm of several typical wireless sensornetworks.Focus on principle and operation mechanism of LEACH routing algorithm.Onthe basis it from the number of cluster heads,cluster head election and the inter-clusterrouting method to improve LEACH algorithm,proposed an Ant colony algorithm ofmulti-hop clustering routing algorithm of LEACH-IMA.LEACH-IMA algorithm is optimized in three ways:Firstly,in order to make the energyconsumption in each round of communication minimal,the network has only the probalityof optimal cluster heads to make the network life cycle of the longest,through thetheoretical calculation of the optimal cluster heads and simulation experiments to verify thecorrectness of the conclusions.Secondly,against LEACH cluster head election randomnessand probabilistic,LEACH-IMA using the new cluster head election mechanism,adjust thethreshold T(n)，not only consider whether the node has already served as the clusterhead,and considering residual energy and relative position factors of the node.So to avoidthe low-energy and far from base station node is elected as cluster head,in order to balancethe energy consumption of the network.Thirdly，for cluster head in LEACH communicatedirectly will result in energy consumption over the big problem,to reduce long distancecommunication energy between the cluster heads,consider the balance of energyconsumption of cluster head,the inter-cluster routing introduction of ant colony algorithmto optimize data transfer between the clusters,while choosing the next hop of the time toconsider the remaining energy of cluster head， avoid low energy nodes for datatransmission lead to search for local optima. By comparing simulation the improvedalgorithm of LEACH-IMA and LEACH algorithm on MATLAB7.0showthat:LEACH-IMA algorithm clusters and deaths nodes is more uniform,the death of nodesis significantly reduced,prolongs the life cycle of the entire network，which verifes the validity of the LEACH-IMA.Finally， in Science and Technology Commission of Research project of Chongqingof China(Item Number:CSTC,2009AC2068),applied the algorithm of LEACH-IMA to thescence of forest fire prevention system for Wireless Sensor network data transmission.