Research And Optimization Of LEACH Protocol For Wireless Sensor Networks

With the rapid development of the Internet of Things(IoT),wireless sensor network(wsn)as the underlying support technology of the IoT,has been widely used in military,agriculture,medical and other fields by virtue of its advantages of low cost and easy deployment.Generally,WSN are composed of multiple low-power,low-price and small-size sensor nodes,which are arbitrarily deployed in the required areas for data acquisition.However,due to limited and non-complementary energy,WSN always have energy consumption problems that need to be solved.Therefore,as one of the key technologies of energy optimization strategy in wireless sensor networks,routing protocol is of great research significance.Based on LEACH protocol which is the most classical and the most widely used clustering-routing protocol,this paper optimizes its life cycle and network energy consumption and proposes two improved protocols for simulation verification.The main work of this paper includes:(1)Some existing protocols are simulated and their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed through lifecycle and other metrics,while,aiming at the problems caused by cluster head election in LEACH protocol and the randomness of the number of member nodes in the cluster,such as unbalanced network load and short life cycle,the LEACH-PC protocol is proposed which takes into account the residual energy of nodes,geographical location and the number of members in the cluster.In this protocol,the whole region is divided and the state of nodes is associated during the cluster head election,and the cluster head election function is optimized.Meanwhile,the direct single-hop communication between nodes and base stations is allowed in some cases.The simulation results show that the LEACH-PC protocol can balance the energy consumption and prolong the life cycle of the network to a certain extent.(2)Aiming at the problems of uneven clustering and high energy consumption in long-distance node communication,LEACH-K protocol is proposed on the basis of LEACH-PC protocol.In each round,K-means algorithm is used for dynamic clustering and the remaining energy of nodes and the distance from the center of mass are comprehensively considered for cluster head election.Meanwhile,adaptive temperature rise simulated annealing algorithm was used to construct an optimal path for multi-hop transmission to reduce the communication energy consumption of remote nodes.Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves load balancing effectively,further reduces network energy consumption and prolongs the life cycle of WSN.