Improvement Of Energy-Balanced Routing Algorithm For WSN

The industry of Internet of things is booming and has set off a new wave of development of the world information industry, and wireless sensor networks (WSN) is multi-disciplinary highly cross and highly integrated in the knowledge, and plays a particularly important role in the next generation networks, so it has becomes a hot research field in the international.In WSN, through deploying a large number of low-cost small or micro sensor nodes which have the wireless communication capabilities, nodes will form a monitoring network by self-organizing way and complete tasks of sensing the physical world by working together. Wireless sensor networks have been used in military defense, agricultural control, environmental monitoring, remote control of hazardous area and other fields, so it has a very broad application prospect. WSN has already drawn close attention from academia and industry fields of many countries. But sensor nodes mainly use batteries as the energy source, but batteries have limited power and can not be replenished or replaced under normal conditions, so energy-saving design is an important objective in the design of wireless sensor networks.This paper first introduces the knowledge of wireless sensor networks, does the classification of the existing routing protocols, and makes a specific analysis and comparison of their characteristics. Then this paper focuses on the subject that how to use the node energy of WSN by an effective and balanced way and extend the network lifetime, and proposes the following two improved routing algorithms on the basis of analysis of LEACH and other existing routing protocols for wireless sensor network.First, based on the study of classic clustering routing algorithm LEACH protocol and energy-efficient unequal clustering mechanism EEUC protocol, through the analysis of advantages and disadvantages of the above algorithms, a novel zone-divided and energy-balanced clustering routing protocol for wireless sensor networks (ZECR) is brought up. The protocol divides the area into several zones according to the distance, and uses the unequal clustering method among these zones to solve the hot spots problem caused by multi-hop mechanism. In the cluster head election phase, only the nodes that meet the energy standard can participate in the competition; in the inter-cluster multi-hop routing phase, the cluster heads with high residual energy in high energy region will be selected as the relay node based on the advantages of zone-divided. Simulation results show that ZECR protocol can apply to the energy heterogeneous network, effectively balance the energy consumption of each part of the network, and prolong the network lifetime obviously.Second, combined with the classical hierarchical routing protocol LEACH, a novel energy-balanced routing protocol based on improved ant colony optimization for wireless sensor networks (EBACO) is proposed. The EBACO protocol draws on the idea of non-uniform clustering to solve the hot zone problem. In the inter-cluster route discovery phase, the concepts of forward area and forward nodes are defined to improve the effectiveness of paths that ants find, and the energy factor will be integrated into the pheromone in the improved ant colony optimization algorithm, and then learning the ideas from the ant system with elite strategy and best-worst ant system the global pheromone update rule is improved. Simulation results show that EBACO protocol can effectively balance the energy consumption of WSN and prolong the network lifetime.