The Research Of Clustering Routing Algorithm Based On The Energy Balance Of Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is an emerging cross-disciplines science, which combines sensor technology, distributed information technology, wireless communication technology and embedded computing technology, and it has received more and more attention from people in recent years. WSN is characterized by scalability, easy deployment and high reliability, making it widely used in the medical treatment, industrial production, environmental monitoring, as well as the military defense. However, as each sensor node is tightly power-constrained, the lifetime of WSN is limited. Therefore, how to design an energy-efficient routing protocol to prolong the lifetime of network has already became the emphasis of WSN study.Clustering routing protocol divides the network into several clusters for the convenience of topology management, and uses the data fusion technology to reduce the network load. It is considered as one of the effective ways to improve the node energy utilization and prolong the lifetime of network. LEACH is the first clustering routing protocol which many other clustering routing protocols evolved from. And LEACH can efficiently solve the problem of energy limitation. However, LEACH protocol requires nodes to have the same initial energy, making it unfit for the energy heterogeneity network. SEP protocol, as the expanded protocol of LEACH in the secondary energy heterogeneity network, can balance the energy consumption of network batter. But it may choose the low-energy nodes as cluster-heads, which is not suitable to prolong the lifetime of network. In DEEC, the cluster-heads are elected by a probability based on the residual energy of each node, balancing the energy of each node better then SEP. Therefore, under the systemic analysis of the LEACH and SEP protocol, this paper improves DEEC's cluster-head election algorithm and puts forward a clustering routing protocol based on the energy balance of heterogeneous WSN. The specific content of this paper is as follows:1. This paper introduces the research background and significance, and it summarizes the present research situation and development trend of WSN in the domestic and foreign, as well as the application of WSN.2. This paper introduces the WSN's structures, characteristics and key technologies and focuses on the WSN routing technology. On the basis of briefly introducing the characteristics and design requirements of routing protocols, this paper classifies, analyzes and compares of a variety of WSN routing protocols. Then, this paper analyzes the operating mechanism of LEACH protocol in detail, in order to introduce the energy consumption model and the optimal cluster-head number of clustering routing protocol, laying a foundation for designing a new routing protocol.3. In view of the performance deficiency of LEACH protocol in heterogeneous network, this paper analyzes its expanded protocol SEP and DEEC's clustering mechanism in the heterogeneous network in detail. Then, an improved protocol DEEC-TA is proposed to overcome the defects of DEEC's clustering mechanism. DEEC-TA uses dynamic cluster-head selection window to choose cluster-head, making the energy consumption of network more evenly.4. This paper uses Matlab to simulate LEACH, SEP, DEEC and DEEC-TA protocols, and compares their performances. The simulation results show that DEEC-TA provides higher throughput of network and prolongs the death time of first sensor node in the network than other protocols.