| Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs) are distributed network systems, which are composed of a large number of sensor nodes with information collection, data processing and wireless communication capabilities through multi-hop organization. Its purpose is to send the real-time information to the end user through mutual cooperation between the nodes. WSNs have very broad application prospects in the field of military, civilian and industrial production, Thus attracted many domestic and foreign scholars engaged in research in the field. WSNs addition to mobility, disconnection and multi-hop, etc. as well as the common features of a traditional self-organizing networks, there are many distinctive characteristics of its own, such as Dynamic resistance, a lot of redundant data in the network and limited node capacity. Especially the limited energy of sensor nodes to extend the lifetime of the network is facing enormous challenges, but also to maximize the network lifetime proved to be NP-Hard problem.Routing protocol is one of the important research on wireless sensor networks, Primarily responsible for the discovery and maintenance of routes, making the sensor nodes can communicate with each other effectively, The efficiency of the routing algorithm will directly determine the level of the sensor node receive control data and valid data acquisition rate, thereby affecting the life and the energy consumption of the whole network. Therefore, to design a efficient, energy-balanced routing protocols is an urgent problem in WSNs research.In this paper, the routing algorithms with energy balance in WSNs have been proposed, the main work are given as following:(1) Described the architecture of WSNs, the key technology and software protocol stack structure, at the same time, overviewed its specific application areas and research status at home and abroad.(2) Described features and design requirements of WSNs routing protocol, classified existing routing protocols and analyzed existing energy-saving policy from a single node and the entire network. On this basis, introduced several typical energy efficient routing protocol, analyzed their strengths and weaknesses, and compared each other from whether scalable, multi-path, etc.(3) The concept of the classic low power adaptive clustering algorithm LEACH are described and analyzed, introduced the degree of polymerization, the distance factor and energy factor, then proposed an improved protocol called BE-LEACH, The algorithm considered residual energy, distribution and location of the nodes when selecting cluster head. By matlab simulation experiments show that, BE-LEACH algorithm compared with LEACH algorithm, can effectively balance network load.(4) combined with the principles of ant colony algorithm, proposed an routing protocol called Ant-PDRP, this protocol was designed by NesC programming language based on the Embedded operating system TinyOS2.x, in this protocol Pheromones were used for searching path for transmitting routing packets and data packets. During the transmission of data packets, a punishment mechanism was used for balancing the energy consumpution of networks. The simulation in TOSSIM and The experiment in actual wireless sensor networks which is consist of Micaz node show that the protocol can reduce the transmission delay, prolong the lifetime of networks and ensure the reliability of data transmission. |
PDF Full Text Request