The Research On Energy Balanced Routing Protocol In Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks are forefront of hot research areas in the international community of currently concerned,involving a highly crossed subject and highly integrated knowledge. Routing Protocol is the core technology of WSN. Wireless sensor network has its own characteristics from the point of view of routing. In wireless sensor networks, the energy of node is limited and generally could not replenish, so the routing protocol have to use energy efficiently, meanwhile the number of nodes in network are often large, so the node can only acquire the local topology information depend which routing protocol have to select suitable path. In addition, the routing mechanism of WSN is often associated with data fusion technology, by reducing traffic load to save energy. Therefore, the traditional routing protocol for wireless network are not suited to WSN, WSN has its own characteristics.On the basis of reading a great deal of literature, in this paper we study routing protocol of WSN along the line of energy efficient.First of all, in connection with the problem of LEACH, we propose our protocol: balanced cluster balanced energy (BCBE). In this protocol we propose a simple location algorithm to make all the nodes know their location information. In the aspect of choosing cluster heads, when initialize the network BS designate cluster head nodes; When select the ancestor, the cluster head have to consider factors such as remnant energy and distance. This method solves the problem of imbalance of energy consumption and cluster head distribution.In this paper, we analyze the distance between nodes of multi-hop path. In the communication process, the energy consumption of each node are not the same, because the relay node not only have to send its own packets, but also relay packets of other nodes, so the nearer from the base station, the more packets have to relay, the more energy have to consumption, nodes will die soon due to energy depletion, result in the network can not fully cover the area. So in this paper, we analyze the distance between nodes in the case of fixed node number and distance.Finally in connection with the characteristics of large scale wireless sensor networks, we propose energy balanced ant based routing protocol EBAB. On the grounds of analysis the distance between nodes, we divided the network into several concentric rings, and we give their name "domain", we do inter-cluster routing between domains. In inter-cluster routing we introduce the ant colony algorithm, according to energy and distance to find the optimal transmission path distance. At last, we put forward a simple topology rule, in order to make EBAB more flexible and widely applied. Simulation results show that EBAB can effectively reducing energy consumption, extending the network life time.