Research On Energy-Balanced Clustering Routing Algorithm In Wireless Sensor Networks

With the rapid development of communication technology, embedded computing technology and sensor technology, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) has become a hot study area today, it has a wide application prospect in the military, national defense, environmental science, medical monitoring, home application and various commercial fields. There are several key technologies in WSN , such as energy saving, routing, topology control, node localization, data aggreation, energy management, time synchorization and security issues. Energy saving is at the core position and has become one of the hottest research fields.In the large-scale sensor network environment, the design of routing protocols is of vital importance to save the node energy and prolong the life circle of network. This paper focuses on proposing reaonalble routing strategy to reduce the energy consumption of sensor nodes and finally prolong TTL(Time To Live) of the network.The paper has studied the wireless sensor network's archtiecture, analyzed the existing typical routing algorithms and the strategies of saving energy consumption. Especially LEACH routing protocol is studied deeply. The LEACH routing algorithm proposed the thought of clustering; and data aggregation technology to reduce the amount of transferred data and save the node energy. Due to the equal probability to select the cluster head by each round, node loads are balanced and the TTL entire network is prolonged.However the LEACH routing algorithm also has the shortages. The node energy comsumption in transmission to the distance transmission is proportional. The single-hop communication mode leads to excessive energy consumption of distant nodes which will die from lacking of energy, and the network life will be shorten.This paper adopted a strategy to construct a backbone network of cluster heads, realizes multi-hop communication by weight computing, and save node energy effectively.The multi-hop network brings about a problem that the nearer the node lie to the sink node, the faster its energy is exhausted, for the nearer mode ought to receive and forward dara from distant nodes to the sink node, in addition to send its own data. This paper proposed an energy balanced clustering algorithm which delimits clusters nearer to sink node have more nodes, so the forwarding task is shared by more nodes. The network life is prolonged. Meanwhile, the clustering method has avoided cluster overlapping, and reduced the nonessential node energy consumption. The election of cluster-head is based on the surplus energy of the nodes in the cluster. The node of highest surplus energy will be the cluster-head, which guarantees the data aggregation and transmission,and further balanced node energy consumption.This paper has bulit a wireless sensor network simulation platform by Network Simulator version 2 (NS2). LEACH routing protocl and the improved algorithm in this paper are simulated in this platform. The results point out that the energy-balance clustering algorithm is better than LEACH in many aspects, such as energy saving, energy balancing, and TTL of the network.Finally, the paper proposed the research direction in the future.