The Research Of Energy Efficient Routing Protocol In Wireless Sensor Networks

With the rapid development and increasingly mature of integrated circuits,wireless communications, sensor technology, accessing to information on sensortechnology has undergone tremendous changes, gradually converted from a singletype to miniaturization.Wireless sensor network (Wireless Sensor Network, WSN) hasemerged. Meanwhile, the development of wireless sensor networks is still subject tothe industry’s concerns, and its military defense, traffic management, disaster andother medical facilities and anti-terrorism has a huge space for development. Inwireless sensor networks, routing protocol is one of the most talked about researchs,but because of the energy-constrained nodes and geographical factors, the firstconsideration is the rational use of energy in the design of routing protocols in orderto effectively balance the energy of the entire network and to extend the cycle ofnetwork life.First，this paper describes the research status of routing protocols in the wirelesssensor network at home and abroad in recent years.In chapter 2, based on the clustering of the most popular routing protocols, wecompare and analyze the pros and cons of various routing protocols.Besides,wehighlighted the case of LEACH protocol.The main contents of this dissertation are from chapter 3 to 4. We utlitizenon-uniform way to select the cluster head, while a single-hop communication withina cluster, a dynamic multi-hop inter-cluster communication, which to some extent canimprove up the effective utilization of energy and prolong network lifetime.From chapter 3 to 4, we facuse on inadequate of the classical routing protocols(such as the LEACH protocol, TEEN protocol, etc.) and design routing protocolstarting from energy and the entire network life-cycle. Between the first choice in thecluster and the cluster transmission we both propose improvement strategies toimprove the energy efficiency of the entire network and to extend the network lifecycle.Improved routing protocols focus on the following two points:(1) the division of cluster head region: from the residual energy, the averageresidual energy and distance ,we can design the way to chose cluster head in order to optimize the choice of cluster head and use low energy consumption to achievenon-uniform clustering;(2) route construction: in the long transfer process, we use multi-hop transmissionfor the dynamic of inter-cluster communication, combined with the principle ofminimum spanning tree to generate dynamic transmission path to the energy balanceof the network and to reduce the "bottleneck" problem and node failures.Finally, in chapter 5, we summarize the research and look forward to the futurein wireless sensor networks, while showing some open problems in the wirelesssensor networks.