Research On Mode Of Sponsoring The Chinese Higher Vocational Colleges’ Needy Students

Vocational education is an important part of higher education, which has become the main force to cultivate high-quality skilled personnel of whom China’s economic development and industrial upgrading are in urgent need. Along with the rapid development of the Chinese economy, vocational education gradually enters the popular stage. The number of vocational institutions has been close to the number of common institutions of higher education, accounting for nearly half of the number of entire institutions of higher education in China. Vocational college students in school also accounted for30%of the national college students. With the increase of the proportion of the vocational college students, objectively speaking, poor students associated with higher vocational institutions are also increasing. The proportion of poor students in vocational colleges was significantly higher than the proportion of poor students in ordinary institutions of higher education. If the problem of poor students of the vocational institutions can not be effectively addressed in a timely manner, it will affect the healthy growth of the students in vocational colleges, but also affect the equality of educational opportunity and social equity as well as the high vocational schools’and social stability and development. Although the state has adopted a series of policies and measures to fund the vocational colleges, there are still many problems in the course of practice:to build a scientific and reasonable funding model suited to the characteristics of higher vocational institutions is particularly important.By investigation and analysis, it can clearly be seen that vocational schools and ordinary institutions of higher education differ in terms of the state funds investment, matriculate quality, quality of students, student poverty levels and show the particularity. First, a relatively small investment of state goes to vocational institutions and vocational colleges students assumed tuition is generally higher than ordinary institutions of higher education. Second, student nationalities are usually rural areas, and the number of poor students is relatively more than common colleges; Third, overall quality of students is relatively low for fraudulent poor students identification in the audit procedures and many defaults have occurred in the student loan and repayment mechanisms; In addition, schools can not afford a lot of poor students’studying and living expenses; Fourth, students face poor employment prospects with not high salary is, relatively low social status; Fifth, some students are in deep poverty. For these reasons, the proportion of poor students of higher vocational colleges is5%-10%higher than that of the poor students of the common colleges, reaching30%or even a higher proportion.Funded concept and mode of subsidy for poor students is the key factor to solve the problems of the poor students. Chinese vocational institutions have make great efforts to support the poor students through establishing such as scholarships, grants, student loans, and work-study funding. But in the current funding model, due to objective and subjective reasons, most of the policies of vocational colleges’funding the poor students only stay at the economic level. There is no combination of subsidy policies and personnel training tasks. From the concept of funding poor students to the mode of subsidy, from the identification of the poor students to the supervision and management, they do not reflect the particularity of higher vocational institutions. There are many outstanding issues constraining the scientific nature of the funding system.Comparative analysis displays that the United States, Europe, Japan has got relatively mature experience and practice in terms of poor students funding philosophy, funding means and funding management. They have generally established mechanisms such as scholarships, grants, student loans, free tuition and work-study programs to support poor students. In particular, they have established a management model including effective ways to define poor students, effective means of subsidy and constraint and supervision measures, which is worth learning from.Having considered the particularity of the vocational colleges in China and the gains and losses of funding reform in China in recent years, we need to further improve and perfect the funding mode for poor students in China’s vocational institutions, and establish a more scientific and reasonable funding mechanism. First, the state should put more fund into the vocational colleges; Second, to allocate poor students funds in a reasonable proportion and strengthen the management; Third, it is necessary to regulate the program of financing and censorship and qualification of imbursement; Fourth, to take a variety of ways to improve sound work-study mechanisms; Fifth, to establish a personal credit system of student loans.