Theresearch Onrouting Algorithm For Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks as a new generation of information acquisition networks system. It combines sensors technology, Microelectronics technology, wireless communication technology, embedded computing technology and other related advanced technologies, it enables users to monitor and obtain object's information in real time. Wireless sensor networks has the ability to connect the physical information of the objective world with transport networks , so that it has broad application prospects. It is now widely used in military defense, health, urban transport, safety in production, environmental testing, rescue, and other fields. Sensor network as a new network which obtains and processes Information,it has attracted the attention of many experts and scholars in the field, and gradually became one of the hottest topics in recent years.The routing protocol of wireless sensor networks as a key technology which directly determines lifetime of the network. Therefore, the design for routing protocols of wireless sensor networks will become the core issue. Because energy resource,communication broadband,computing power and storage capacity is very limited in wireless sensor networks, the traditional routing protocols can not be applied in wireless sensor networks.We must design new routing protocols for wireless sensor networks.Firstly,This paper outlines the concept, characteristics, application fields , some key technologies and research status of wireless sensor networks. Secondly, the key technology of wireless sensor network --routing protocol is discussed in detail. And according to the logical structure of the network, wireless sensor networks routing protocols are divided into flat routing protocols and hierarchical routing protocols. By selecting some representative protocols from two categories for analysis and comparison, Clustering protocol is considered slight advantages on the overall performance . Thirdly, the paper focuses on describing the principle and the operation mechanism of LEACH which firstly proposed the concept of clustering, and analysising the advantages and disadvantages of the protocol.finally,It proposes the improvement and simulation for LEACH.There are some disadvantages in the current clustering Routing protocols, the paper presents a number of improvement ideas. The first one is mainly to improve the typical LEACH clustering routing protocol. Firstly, the impact factor of the relative density influences the selection of cluster head in the selection ways of cluster heads. Then, this method uses multi-hop communication between the clusters in the data transmission, LEACH avoids cluster heads and the base station in the long-distance transmission to cause energy waste. The second, When cluster heads transmit their data to Base Station via multi-hop communication, the cluster heads closer to Base Station not only gather the data in its cluster but also forward the data for other cluster heads. These cluster heads are burdened with heavy relay traffic and tend to die early. An Uneven Clustering Algorithm based on area division is proposed to balance the energy consumption of cluster heads which act as relay nodes. The algorithm divides network into different areas according to the distance between nodes and the base station, and then adjusts the distribution of cluster heads and communication radius of nodes in different areas. Finally, by using Matlab simulation software, the simulation experimental results of these two improved methods show that the improved protocols are better than the original protocols in the energy and network lifetime. So these improved protocols have a better improvement.In closing, the current study that has been done is concluded, and the prospect for the future study is given.