Research On Social Capital In China's Corporation Cluster

Looking from the worldwide that, the enterprise cluster proliferates each place of the world but their development tendency is actually inconsistent, some clusters can develop rapidly, but some develop actually slowly. The Boston 128 road areas and silicon valley are the American most famous two enterprise clusters, develop the similar technology and the product, Annalee.Saxenian,1994 as one of the representative of the American scholar take contrast of the silicon valley and 128 road ,and point out that, the social and cultural mechanism difference will be the essential reason that the"128 roads"weak and the silicon valley stronger.The neo-classic economic analysis foundation is individual rationality, but rich and the complex attribute of individual is simplified as a function, the defined property right, the complete information and the non-friction transaction was taken continuously to the economic analysis as the implication hypothesis, the price theory becomes the core of the analysis. But the economic depression of 1990s, the environment intensifies not harmoniously, the assignment unfair serious and the unequal development question as well as the reform nations reforming way different in the later period of 1990s. And so many questions urge the people to realize that the construction and the consummation socialist market economy is not simply to use price, but also need to pay great attention to"the soil"of"the market". The social norm, social ethics, the social interaction and so on the non-market factor obtains the unprecedented value. The traditional economic theory declines day after day in explaining and forecasting world economics development, an important reason is it removes the system and the unofficial standard outside the model.The introduction of social capital concept has opened a new angle of the modern economy research, the individual behavior of microscopic level and the collective behavior of macroscopic level unifies in together, becomes an important variable after the material capital and the human capital to explain the economy grows.This article from the social capital angle to explain the cluster's competitive advantage, has hackled the social capital concept evolution, and pointed out the positive influence and the negative effect to the cluster competitive power, has used the standard analytic method, the contrast methodology and the interdisciplinary research technique. This article thought the social capital is the important origin of competitive power of the enterprise cluster, the enterprise cluster is not the simple enterprise huddles together, the economic activity is an activity of"limited rationality",not merely requests the economic interest maximization. In order to reduce the uncertainty and the risk, the people favor to inform the small scale the network, and the network meets relatively stable. The individual interaction relation brought the income to both sides or loses, loses has prevented the interaction, but the income could strengthen the interaction. But regardless of the income or the loss can organize internal production"the demonstration effect", brings the benefit to the mover the pattern (income to increase or cost reduces) can imitate, then is approved by the association, is motion pattern which mover's consciously construction and the deference association approve, overcomes its independent behavior, thus established one standard, the standard strengthened the people anticipated regarding the association other member indeed qualitative, thus had some kind of trust. Cluster itself"spatial regional"and the single enterprise"the special-purpose property"can form the government the prestige mechanism, thus the restraint cluster develops to the overall benefit maximization direction. Therefore consummates the division of labor cooperation system can establish; The transaction cost and the organization cost can reduce; The official finance and the unofficial finance can launch smoothly; make advantage to realize the technological innovation in the cluster, thus brings the cluster the competitive advantage.This article has analyzed the social capital of small sized enterprise cluster of our country, point out the present situation and the reason, and proposed several suggestions to promote social capital development of enterprise cluster in our country and expecte to make benefits to cluster of our country, and to have certain help to promote their competitive power.