Ecological Study Of Wetlands In Guangxi

According to Ramsar Conservation: wetlands are"areas of marsh, fen, peatland or water, whether natural or artificial, permanent or temporary, with water that is static or flowing, fresh, brackish or salt, including areas of marine water, the depth of which at low tide does not exceed six meters."They have huge ecological, economic and social values, such as maintaining biodiversity, diversion and storing flood, adjusting climate, controlling soil erosion, reducing pollutants, and providing plant and animal products, water, mineral, tourist destinations, education resources, scientific research resources and so on. The aims were to hold resource status and development trend of Guangxi wetlands, providing theoretical basis for wetlands protection or research.Based on the field survey and literature material, this research studied wetlands in Guangxi, including species and flora analysis, community ecology, expert interview. The main study contents included natural environment, types, distribution, plants species, plants distribution, animals'species, wetlands conservation and utilization of Guangxi wetlands. Besides, holding resources and conservation status of Mangrove in Shankou, seaweed-bed in Hepu, karste-lake wetland in Huixian, Lijiang River, reservoir in Chenbihe, demonstration area of Oryza officinalis in Yulin, etc. The results show as below:1. Wetlands of Guangxi could be divided into 4 classes, there were 2 wetland types in classed l, which were classified according to the origins, 9 types in classed 2, which were classified according to the geography characteristic and function, 14 types in classed 3, which were classified according to the hydrology characteristic, 29 types in classed 4, which were classified according to the geography characteristic. This system could be applied to the wetland investigation and study in those scale.2. According to the survey statistics, the total wetlands area of Guangxi is about 3,018,400 hm2, including coastal wetlands 243,300 hm2, inland wetlands 289,700 hm2, and artificial wetlands 2,485,400 hm2. The area of the forest swamp wetland is the least in the inland wetlands. Then, the basic state research of all kinds of wetlands was carried out. The status of mangrove wetlands is marked. There are 10 families, 14 generas, and 14 specises of mangrove in the province, distribution area of 8374.9 hm2, including 8 form, and 15 community types. The river wetlands are mainly distributed over the four biggest water system of the province. The basin area and the total runoff of XiJiang water system are on the top in the river wetlands of Guangxi. The distribution area of lake wetlands is small, based on present research. The forest swamp of Mao'er Mountain and the herbaceous swamp wetland of Dawangling are the main swamp wetlands of Guangxi. And the reservoir wetlands are the most important kind of artificial wetlands, their areas come up to about 131,500 hm2.3. The place of plant species investigation incluing 14 cities and 45 counties in Guangxi. There are 64 families, 134 generas and 271 species, including 1 species of bryophyte, 7 species of pteridophyte, 117 species of dicotyledon, and 146 species of monocotyledon. The dominant families were gramineae and cyperaceae, etc. There are 8 families which include 4 generas. The dominant generas were polygonum and cyperus. There are 13 generas including 5 species. According to ecological character, they were classified into four lifeforms: phreatophytes, emerging plant, emersion plant and submerged plant. There are 149 species of emerging plant, the percentage is 54.98%. The spermatophyte flora of Guangxi can be classified into 10 kinds. There are 36 cosmopolitan generas, accounting for 28.35% and 39 pantropic ones accounting for 30.71% of the total. They are the majority genera. As a whole, the leading position was dominated by the tropical and subtropical composition, herbaceous plant, genera of few species, and lack of endemic genera and species. Wetland vegetation can be classified into four vegetation subtype and 37 forms. Species diversity of wetland plant community is less. The distribute rule has direct relation with the water depth that the plant grow, and the organic matter that the water contain, the Huixian wetland and Beilun river estuary wetland are representative. At last, the plant resource system of Guangxi wetland were classified into environment value, economic value and research-culture value, 21 subtypes. There are three kinds of national protected plants.4. There are 89 orders, 264 families, 1208 animals species, including coelenterate, annelid, sipuncula, mollusk, arthropod, brachiopod, echinoderm and chordate. It's base on the wild investigation and data collection. Among all of them, invertebrate 47 orders, 142 families, 518 species; vertebrate 42 orders, 122 families, 690 species, the percentages are equal. And among the invertebrates, the arthropod and the brachiopod have the largest and the second largest number; the echinoderms are the least phylum. Fish is the biggest group in the vertebrate, accounting for 48.99% of the total. The second is the bird, accounting for 30.29% of the total. Invertebrate was classified into zooplankton, zoobenthos and nekton; the fish was classified into migratory, sea-fish, lake-reservoir fish and river fish. The amphibians, reptiles and mammals were classified bottomland, still water, and glide water; the birds were classified into waders and waterfowl or migrant and resident. The waterfowl is the most important, accounting for 80.86% of total, the resident birds are seldom. There are 6 species as the first grade state protected animal in China, 43 species of the second grade state protected animal in China. The animal resource system can also be classified into environment value, economic value and research-culture value.5. The present situation of the protected area in Guangxi, has 13 wetland natural protected area, total area of 103,000 hm2. The building speed is remarkable, but there are some of problems to be solved: the blindly exploitation, overuse of biology resources, environment pollution intensify, lack of law, resources investigation lagging and the public lack the consciousness to protect the wetland, etc. All above are damaging the wetland. So we have following advices:①Build up the wetland resources data base and survey system;②Strengthen the wetland manage system and building protection law;③Accelerate the process of building protection area;④Sustainable utilization of wetland;⑤Resume some important wetland;⑥Increase the propagandize and education of the protection knowledge of Guangxi wetland.