Research On Conservation Planning Of Urban Biodiversity In GuangZhou City

With the rapid development and sprawl of urban construction, the habitats in urbanized area have been fragmented. At the same time, local plant diversity in the urban green space has decreased, which led to the unbalance of urban ecological system, which hindered the sustainable development of cities eventually. Urban biodiversity is the basis of maintaining balance of urban ecological system. Not only is urban biodiversity conservation a research hotspot, but alse it is the urgent task of urban planning and management. As the center city of the pearl river delta region, Guangzhou has a fast economic development speed, a high urbanization level and solid ecological background. Hence, researching on the conservation planning of biodiversity in Guangzhou city is representative.This paper summarized the city biodiversity conservation researches and practices at home and abroad. Combined with landscape ecology, geographical information science, phytology and other related knowledge, we carried on the research from two aspects (urban and built-up area). Habitat research used "source-corridor" pattern on the landscape scale. Firstly, suitable habitats were screened out by analyzing the quartel diagram and the land use map, and were treated as "sources" which were prioritized protection. Then the connection between suitable was analyzed through the least cost distance model. Finally, landscape connection distribution diagram was obtained. Combined with ecological corridor of the fragmentation within the line of the original planning, the paper raised some measures of protection and restoration, and the construction planning of potential corridor which was higher connection was proposed. In addition, on the basis of vegetation investigation in greenbelts of urban built up area, the paper analyzed plant resources diversity and ornamental diversity which were used to evaluate the status quo of the green space plant diversity. Based on the problems existing in Guangzhou’s urban biodiversity conservation, the paper combined with the natural conditions of Guangzhou region,and put forword the concrete protection planning advice and safeguard measures. Our results are as following:(1)Suitable habitat area is2964.4km2, accounting for39.9%of Guangzhou area. More suitable habitat area is2732.6.4km2, accounting for36.8%of Guangzhou area. The suitable habitat area which is located in the basic ecological protection zones is2730km2, accounting for51.3%of the basic ecological protection zones.(2)The natural landscape connection in the ecological control protection zones was cut off by the urban artificial construction. No connectivity areas appeared in ecological corridors of the Huandu Area, the White Sea and Jinshan Avenue. That led to existing of "hollow"within the planning control zones. After analyzing the percentage of no connectivity areas in planning corridor, the paper selected five ecological corridors to be repaired. There were Huandu Area Ecological Corridor, White Sea Ecological Corridor, Lianhua Mountains Ecological Corridor, Jinshan Avenue Ecological Corridor and ChangLong Ecological Corridor.(3)There were572plants species, which belonged to386genera and123families in greenbelts of Guangzhou built-up area. Accounting for17.17%of the vascular plants resources in Guangzhou region. Including22species of ferns,17species of gymnosperms and533species of angiosperms. In those plants, there were214arbor species,107shrub species,228herbage species,23liana species. There were375species of evergreen plants and197species of deciduous plants. Among them,272species were Guangzhou native plants, which accounted for47.6%of total plants species;300species were introduced from other regions, accounting for52.4%of total plants. Visibly, Guangzhou native plant species proportion is low, and less than50%of the total. The Gramineae, Euphorbiaceae, Compositae, palmaceae, Moraceae and Myrtaceae have been widely applied. Trees such as Ficus microcarpa, Livistona chinensis, Ficus altissima, Ficus benjamina, Bombax malabaricum, Roystonea regia, Bauhinia blakeana, Michelia alba. etc. have been applied. Shrubs such as Duranta repens, Schefflera arboricola, Excoecaria cochinchinensis, Ficus microcarpa cv. GoldenLeaves, Ixora chinensis. etc. have been applied. Herbaceous plants such as Zoysia japonica, Cynodon dactylon, Axonopus affonis, Syngonium podophyllum, Zoysia tenuifolia. etc. have been applied.Number of different greenbelts plant order:Comprehensive theme park>Community park> Residential affiliated greenbelt> Street greenbelt> The public service affiliated greenbelt>Road affiliated greenbelt> Protective greenbelt> Industrial affiliated greenbelt> Wasteland. And different greenbelt presented:arbor>herbage> shrubs> liana.Compound structure composed by inter-composition among arbor, shrub and herb took advantage over other greenbelt plants structures, followed by compound structure composed by inter-composition among arbor, shrub, herb, and liana. Then shrub and herb, tree and shrub, tree and herb and single layer structure, all structure types accounted for only8.43%. The results showed that the allocation of complex plant community have an important pole on urban greening construction in Guangzhou city. In addition, there were177fleshy fruit plants, including berries, stone fruit, citrus fruit, and pome. Visibly, plants eaten by birds were abundant, and Mainly distributed in Myrtaceae, Moraceae, Moraceae, Palm, Grapes, Rosaceae. etc.(4)Plants(459) with ornamental value mainly composed flower plants(217) and foliage plants(196). And there were122plants with a variety of ornamental characteristics, greatly enriched ornamental of the landscape plants. Ornamental plant were less in winter, and green foliage took superiority. Flower plant density is higher, which reflected the diversity of huacheng flower plant resources basically.Research results showed that Guangzhou habitat fragmentation is serious, linking of effective ecological corridor is lack; Species richness is low, wild native plants is underused; Plant configuration is not reasonable, the landscape diversity needs to be improved; Regional characteristic is not obvious, lacking of characteristic landscape. Based on the above problems, this paper put forward planning advice:For the optimization of regional spatial layout, we will protect key areas, repair damaged corridor,etc. For strengthening greenbelts construction in built up area, planning includ the development of native wild plants, the building greenbelts construction index, perfecting the community structure configuration, strengthen the construction of ecological landscape,etc. These conclusions and recommendations provide certain theoretical basis and the reference suggestion for urban ecological greenbelts construction and urban biodiversity conservation planning.