A Comparative Study On Agricultural Science-technology Extension Systems Between China And USA-Using Ningbo, China And Minnesota, USA As Samples

In the new era, the major issue of so-called "agricultures, villages, farmers" issues is how to improve agriculture output and farms' income. But at present, our land resources are lacked severely and the magrginal utilities of capitals and labors are descended, key way to resolve these problems above is to increase the input of sci-tech factor. Science-technologies also have multiplier effects on agricultural produces and developments. Agricultural sci-tech extensions act as bridges during the processes of turn the sci-tech fruits into real productivities in agriculture and rural area economy developments. Under the situations of accelerating agricultural structure adjustments and diversification demands of agricultural sci-tech needs, improving agricultural extension, establishing communicate mechanisms between agricultural sci-tech supplies and farmers demands, promoting the supplies and demands of sci-tech equilibriums are inevitable needs to enhance sci-tech supply efficiencies and exert multiplier effects. This study uses Ningbo, China and Minnesota, USA as samples, New Public-management Theory, Public-good Theory and Organizational-behavior Theory as advisors, comparative study as method. It focus on history evolutions, government functions, resource allocations and target groups to analyze the differences between China and USA agricultural sci-tech extensions. It Points out relevant inspirations after comparing with our shortages with America's succeeds on agricultural extensions. Firstly, a good system gives the legal safeguard for agricultural extension's validity from the legislation level. Secondly, a comparative perfect "three levels" agricultural extension management system gives a mechanism guarantee for agricultural extension's high efficiency from the organization structure level. Thirdly, a high efficient "three-in-one body" agricultural extension running mechanism resolves the disjoint problem of education, research and extension from the resource allocate level. Fourthly, a high ability, reasonable combined agricultural extension team and a high quality target group (farmers) insurance good communication from human resources level. Fifthly, a pluralistic extension area guided by farmers meets multi-needs of target group. Sixthly, multi-channel and abundant capital ensures deeper expansion of agricultural extension. Combining with Ningbo's practices, gives six advices to improve agricultural sci-tech extension system and advancing extension's efficiency and quality.