The Research Of The Energy Balanced Routing Protocol In The Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless sensor network is currently closely attended hot research area in the international arena, which involves a high degree of cross-cutting multi-disciplinary and highly integrated knowledge. It combines micro-electro-mechanical system (Micro-Electron Mechanical System, MEMS), sensor technology, embedded computing technology, modern networking and wireless communication technology and distributed information processing technology, to achieve the connectivity of the physical world, the computer world and human society. Wireless sensor networks have very broad application prospects.The number of nodes in the network is large, and the network has a high nodes density and some certain failure rate. Meanwhile, the node battery energy, computing power and storage capacity, etc. are limited, and the nodes are not contactable after the distribution, so the topology and energy efficiency of the routing protocols for the wireless sensor networks become particularly important.Based on the classic study of existing routing protocols, this thesis proposes two new routing methods-an intra-cluster load balancing routing mechanism and an inter-cluster load balancing routing mechanism.In intra-cluster load balancing routing mechanism, as the cluster not only need to deal with member nodes' data, but also need to communicate with the base station, so when the ordinary nodes choose their cluster heads, they need to consider distance from the cluster heads, the cluster head nodes' residual energy and the distance between cluster head nodes and the base station, to attain the energy balance. Secondly, when the cluster head node's energy gets down to a certain low degree, it can arrange a member node to be its assistant node, which helps to assist the cluster head node to send data to the base station by the multi-hop. After these improvements, it will increase the effectiveness of load balancing of the network, and the simulation result shows that it significantly extends the life span of the sensor network.And in inter-cluster load balancing routing mechanism, as the whole network adapts the multi-hop communication mechanism, the nodes near the base station not only need to transmit their own sensor data, but also need relay the data from the outer area, so their energy may be consumed quickly, which will lead to the energy holes, and the data from outer area can't be transmitted to the base station. All of these will depress the network's performance and reduce the network's life span. So we propose, all the nodes near the base station are not clustered, they work on their own, dealing with their own sensor data and relaying other data, which improves these sensor nodes' performance. And at the meantime, we balance the whole network's energy consumption by adjusting the cluster radius between the different coronas. This prolongs the network's life span.