Research On Clustering Routing Protocol For Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), which is composed of a large number of cheap energy-limitedwireless sensor nodes and deployed randomly in a monitored region, nowadays is widely used invarious fields. Since WSN are seriously energy constrained, the routing protocols used in WSNshould be energy-awared. It’s researched that the clustering routing protocol can save energy forWSN. According to this, this article proposes a balanced, distributed and energy-awared clusteringprotocol B-HEED (Balanced, hybrid, energy-efficient, distributed clustering approach for wirelesssensor networks) based on the classic clustering approach HEED.To optimize the network topology, this article make three improvements on HEED: a. Choosethe node’s degree as a primary parameter as well as residual energy when select cluster head, thiswill increase the probability of the node located at the center of adjacent nodes to become a clusterhead. b. Unequal clustering to balance the load of cluster head nodes with different distance fromSink node. c. Isolated nodes join neighbor cluster via neighbor node.To optimize the inter-cluster data transmission, routing mechanism based on minimum spanningtree is adopted between cluster heads. In addition, unlike traditional fixed periodic clusteringmethod, in B-HEED, re-clustering is triggered by cluster head which has consumed a certainpercentage of its residual energy.Simulation results show that B-HEED improve the performance of the whole WSNsignificantly.