Wireless Sensor Networks, Clustering Routing Protocol

Conservation of energy consumption and prolong of network lifetime are the vital aims of design WSN. Aiming at increasing energy usage efficiency and balancing energy consumption, this paper focuses on developing a clustering algorithm and a layered routing protocol to improve energy efficiency.To solve the load balance problem, a clustering hierarchy arithmetic based on relative transformation (RTCH) is proposed. Firstly, relative transformation model to improve the distinction of the parameters is presented. During the stage to form clusters, the parameters, such as rest energy of cluster head, transport energy cost from itself to cluster head and the cost from cluster head to Sink node, are transformed by the model designed in this paper. The nodes select the optimum cluster head through calculating. The extent of cluster can be controlled through the feedback information from cluster head. Performance of the proposed RTCH is evaluated through NS2 simulation and the results show that it is effective.To save the energy consumption in data transmission and to make the energy consumption of nodes balanced, a multi-hop routing algorithm based on uneven clustering (MRUC) is proposed. Firstly, adjust the size of clusters according to the distance between cluster head and Sink node. During the data transmission, the relay node is chosen with the source node transmitting weights function, which is decided by distance and punishment essentials. The distance essential, considering the residual energy and the single-hop distance of the source cluster head, and the relay node's residual energy, is used to reduce energy consumption; the punishment essential, which can reduce the probability that the cluster head with low residual energy turns into relay node, is used to balance the nodes consumption. Performance of the proposed MRUC is evaluated through NS2 simulation and the results show that it is effective.