Uneven Clustering And Multi-path Routing Protocol Optimization For Wireless Sensor Networks

With the rapid expansion of the internet of things technology(IoT)in recent years,some related technologies such as RFID and wireless sensor networks(WSN)have been developed rapidly.WSN features low power consumption,low cost,characteristics of distributed-function-style and self-organizing.It has been widely used in industry,agriculture,military,medical and some other fields.More and more attention is paid for WSN among researchers and engineers.Routing protocol is the core technology of wireless sensor networks.This thesis is focused on routing protocol of WSN.Aimed at reducing the energy consumption of nodes,balancing network load and improving data transmission reliability and robustness of network load,the improved clustering routing and multi-path routing protocols are proposed.The main contents of this thesis are arranged as follows:a)The classical clustering routing protocol—LEACH routing protocol is chosen as the research object to analyze its basic principle and model,according to the performance index of the wireless sensor network routing protocol.As to the shortcomings and deficiencies of LEACH protocol,different methods to improve the clustering routing are developed.b)In order to balance the energy consumption of cluster head nodes from a global perspective and avoid the "hot spot" problem which occurs near the network sink node,this thesis studies the uneven clustering routing protocol-EEUC which is based on the LEACH clustering thought.Below are proposals for the improvements: First,in the cluster head election process,use time competition method to reduce the broadcast message complexity instead of negotiation mechanism in order to reduce network traffic burden;Second,add the distance between nodes and the sink node as a campaign index to strengthen the uneven distribution of clusters in networks,balancing the energy consumption of the whole network;Third,the ordinary nodes take the distance between nodes and competition radius of cluster heads as the standard to choose its own cluster head,rational planning of the cluster size.The new algorithm is tested in MATLAB environment.Compared with the classical LEACH algorithm and EEUC algorithm,the simulation results show that the improved EEUC algorithm has higher stability,reduces the energy consumption of cluster head nodes,balances network load and prolongs the network life cycle.c)Wireless sensor networks are often deployed in harsh environments,so the communication link between nodes is poor which leads to the low quality of data transmission reliability.In the process of data transmission between cluster heads,this thesis adopts multi-path ReInForM routing protocol.Through further study in the data transmission model and performance index of the protocol,it is found that ReInForM protocol only guarantees data transmission reliable rate,ignoring the energy consumption of the nodes in the network and the load balancing problem.d)For the defects of the ReInForM routing protocol,this thesis combines the ant colony optimization algorithm to optimize the Re InFor M routing protocol.In the process of path selection,the new algorithm selects the optimal forwarding path by assigning probabilities to different neighbor nodes,considering the residual energy of node and the communication cost.In the data transmission process,using ant colony optimization algorithm,this new algorithm tracks the residual energy of nodes in real time,changes the pheromone concentration and local heuristic values on the paths,updates the selection probability of next hop neighbor nodes and replaces the optimal path to balance the network energy consumption,and further improve the adaptability of network.Through MATLAB simulation,the experimental results show that compared with the original routing protocol the proposed ACO-ReIn ForM algorithm can improve the node energy consumption while ensuring the reliability of the data transmission.